Chapter 6: Selection Flashcards
What is Selection?
The process of choosing individuals with relevant qualifications to fill existing or projected job openings. —> To maximize “hits” and avoid “misses.”
Hits
Accurate predictions
Misses
Inaccurate predictions
2 types of misses
- False positives
- False negative
Who typically make the final decisions about hiring people in their unit?
Line managers
Steps in the selection process
- Completion of application
- Initial interview
- Employment testing
- Preliminary selection in HR department
- Supervisor/team interview
- Background investigation
- Hiring decision
Quality of selection tests
- Relaibility
- Validity
- Interrater Reliability
Reliability
The degree to which interviews, tests, and other selection procedures yield comparable data over time
- Scale of 0.0 - 1.0
- CONSISTENCY of measure
- Considered bad when < 0.7
Validity
The degree to which a test or selection procedure measures a person’s attributes and predicts future behavior and how well it measures it. The selection process should be able to predict how well a person performs on the job.
- Accuracy of measure
- Considered bad if < 0.3, good if 0.3 - 0.5, excellent if > 0.5
- Criterion-related, content, construct
Testing RELIABILITY of the test
3 tests of reliability
1. Test-retest
- Stability over time
2. Internal-consistency
- Degree test measures single construct
- Split half
- Cronbach’s alpha
3. Inter-Rater
- Correspondence between multiple raters
Testing VALIDITY of the test
- Rational Approaches
- Content
- Face
- Construct
Convergent
Divergent - Empirical Approach
Criterion-related validity
- Predictive
- Concurrent
Content validity
- Evaluated by SMEs
- Extent predictor assesses job-relevant behavior
Face Validity
- Do applicants see link between test and job requirements?
- Assessed buy job applicants
Construct Validity
- Convergent and divergent validity is collected
- Evaluated by experts
Empirical Approach: Criterion-Related Validity
Determines a relationship between selection test scores and job performance
- Predictive
- Concurrent
Predictive
Predictive
- Test job applicants before they are hired.
- Later on the job, measure the performance of those hired and compare it to their initial test score.
Concurrent
- Test existing employees while simultaneously measuring their job performance
Validity Coefficients
The correlation (r) between a predictor and a criterion.
- r > 0.5, great prediction
- r between 0.3 and 0.5, good prediction
- r < 0.3, not great prediction
- r2 indicates variance accounted for by test.
Incremental Validity
Degree to which validity of total selection method increases with each new test
Ways of using multiple predictors
- Independent predictors of performance (criterion)
- Correlated predictors of criterion (performance)
Value of the test
Utility
- Degree to which information from selection method enchances bottom line effectiveness
- Does the test increase the accuracy of the selection process
Interviews
Structured:
- Standardized questions, probes, conditions, & response codes
Unstructured:
- Unstandardized open-ended questions, no planned response codes
Situational Interviews
- Hypothetical problems posed during the interview
- Key assumption:
Intentions predict actual behavior - Key to successful interview:
questions should be in the form of dilemmas
Behavioural Inteviews
- Question ask about applicant’s experience
- Key assumption:
best predictor of future behaviour is past behaviour - Key to successful interview:
Do not accept general answers that describe typical behaviour