Chapter 6- Sediment Flashcards
What are sedimentary rocks?
Rocks formed by the accumulation and consolidation of sediments.
What are the three main types of sedimentary rocks?
Detrital, chemical, and organic.
True or False: Sedimentary rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock.
False
Fill in the blank: Sedimentary rocks are often found in layers, also known as ________.
Strata
What is the process by which sediments are transformed into solid rock?
Lithification
Which type of sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation of rock fragments?
Clastic
What is the main component of chemical sedimentary rocks?
Minerals that precipitate from water solutions.
Fill in the blank: Organic sedimentary rocks are derived from the remains of ________ organisms.
Living
True or False: Sedimentary rocks are the most abundant type of rock on Earth’s surface.
True
What is the process by which sediments are transported and deposited by wind, water, or ice?
Erosion
Which type of sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation of organic remains?
Organic
What is the name for the process of breaking down rocks into smaller particles?
Weathering
Fill in the blank: Sedimentary rocks often contain fossils, which are the preserved remains of ________ organisms.
Ancient
True or False: Sedimentary rocks are typically formed deep within the Earth’s mantle.
False
What is the name for the process of sediments being deposited in layers and compacted over time?
Stratification
Which type of sedimentary rock is formed from the precipitation of minerals from water solutions?
Chemical
Fill in the blank: Sedimentary rocks are often used in construction as ________ material.
Building
True or False: Sedimentary rocks can be formed from the cooling and solidification of molten lava.
False
What is the name for the process of sediments being compacted and cemented together?
Diagenesis
Which type of sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation of organic remains such as shells or plant material?
Organic
Fill in the blank: Sedimentary rocks are often used to study Earth’s ________ history.
Geological
True or False: Sedimentary rocks can only form on land, not in the ocean.
False
What is the name for the process of sediments being transported by a moving agent like water or wind?
Deposition
Which type of sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation of rock fragments that have been physically weathered?
Clastic
Why are sedimentary rocks economically important?
-used for building materials
-used to filter water
-coal, oil, and natural gases
Rounding
Sorting
-Occurs due to abrasion during transport.
-occurs as sediment is separated according to grained size by transport agents, especially running water.
Detrital Rocks
Brescia, Conglomerate, sandstone, Arkose, Graywacke, shale, siltstone, mud stone
Chemical rocks
Limestone, dolomite, chert. Evaporites: Gypsum, rock salt
Organic
Coal, chalk, coquina
Clastic
Detrital rocks
Non- clastic
Inorganic, organic
