Chapter 6 Section 1 Darwin's theory

Question 1

What is a Fossill

Answer 1

A fossil is the preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past

Question 2

What year did Charles Darwin set sail for England

Answer 2

1831

Question 3

What are species

Answer 3

Species is a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring.

Question 4

what year did Charles Darwin land on the Galapagos Islands?

Answer 4

1835

Question 5

What is adaption

Answer 5

Adaption is a trait that helps organism survive and reproduce.

Question 6

What is Evoluion

Answer 6

The gradual change in species over time is called Evolution

Question 7

What is microevolution

Answer 7

Microevolution changes within a species over time that allows an organism to better survive in a given environment

Question 8

What is macroevolution

Answer 8

major evolutionary change. The term applies mainly to the evolution of whole taxonomic groups over long periods of time or new species developing

Question 9

What is variation

Answer 9

Variation is any phenotypic or genotypic difference between individuals of the same species

Question 10

homologous structures

Answer 10

similar structures in unrelated species that have been used as evidence for evolution from a common ancestor

Question 11

What is intelligent design

Answer 11

an idea that life provides scientific evidence of being designed by an intelligent being as opposed to the origin of life being the result of chance combinations of molecules that organized

Question 12

what is inference

Answer 12

Inference is the use of reasoning and experience to explain observations

Question 13

what is immutability of species

Answer 13

immutability of species is The idea that each individual species on the planet was specially created by God and could never fundamentally change.

Question 14

What is evolution

Answer 14

(1) change over time; the fact that most of the organisms alive today are different from organisms that existed in the past; (2) universal common descent; the hypothesis that all organisms are modified descendants of a single common ancestor in the distant past; (3) the mechanisms of biological change; the hypothesis that natural selection acting on random variations has been the principal cause of modification

Question 15

embryology

Answer 15

the study of the development of an organism from zygote - or fertilized egg to birth

Question 16

transitional species

Answer 16

an organism that would appear to be a bridge between two different species - such as Archeopteryx - and feathered animal with a toothed jaw.

Question 17

extrapolate

Answer 17

to infer or estimate by extending or projecting known information

Question 18

Who is Charles Darwin and when did he create the theory of evolution

Answer 18

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

Question 19

what is the HMS Beagle

Answer 19

The ship on which Darwin made a 5 yr trip to map the coast of S. America, Darwin studied a wide variety of plants and amimals

Question 20

what are the Galapagos Islands

Answer 20

Chain of islands near South America where Darwin developed his theory of natural selection by studying the unique life there. Ex. Finches, Iguanas and Tortoises

Question 21

what is branching tree

Answer 21

a diagram that shows how scientists think different groups of organisms are related. Specifically Darwin’s tree indicates the theory of Universal Common Descent

Question 22

what did dwarins book proposed

Answer 22

1859: Charles Darwin’s book proposing how various species evolve over time by the process of natural selection.

Question 23

What is Dwarins book

Answer 23

On the Origin of Species

Question 24

Cambrian explosion

Answer 24

A burst of evolutionary origins when most of the major body plans of animals appeared in a relatively brief time in geologic history; recorded in the fossil record about 545 to 525 million years ago.

Question 25

Cytochrome C

Answer 25

A protein that is studied (its amino acid sequence compared) to determine the common ancestry of organisms

Question 26

irreducible complexity

Answer 26

The idea that a single system composed of several well-matched, interacting parts that contribute to the basic function, wherein the removal of any one of the parts causes the system to effectively cease functioning.

Question 27

relative dating

Answer 27

Method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock

Question 28

radioactive dating

Answer 28

A technique used to determine the actual age of a fossil on the basis of the amount of a radioactive element it contains

Question 29

gradualism

Answer 29

A proposed explanation in evolutionary biology stating that new species arise from the result of slight modifications (mutations and resulting phenotypic changes) over many generations.

Question 30

punctuated equilibrium

Answer 30

the hypothesis that evolutionary development is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change.

Question 31

transitional fossil

Answer 31

any fossilized remains of a life form that exhibits traits common to both an ancestral group and its possible descendents

Question 32

naturalistic or materialistic

Answer 32

limiting all explanations for natural phenomena to physical matter and energy causes

Question 33

Cytochrome B

Answer 33

a protein found in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells that functions as part of the electron transport chain during cellular respiration - used for species identification because of the limited variability within species but greater variability between species. Tells a different story than Cytochrome C.

Question 34

resistance

Answer 34

cells or organisms that do not respond as usual to anti-biotics or pesticides due to genetic variation.