chapter 6 (respiration)

Question 1

cellular respiration

Answer 1

• breaks down the energy stored in glucose into smaller packages stored in ATP

Question 2

cellular respiration equation

Answer 2

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 30 or 32 ATP

Question 3

GLYCOLYSIS: location

Answer 3

• Cytosol

Question 4

GLYCOLYSIS: inputs

Answer 4

• Glucose
• 2 ADP + Pi
• NAD+ + H+

Question 5

GLYCOLYSIS: outputs

Answer 5

• 2 Pyruvate
• 2 ATP
• NADH

Question 6

GLYCOLYSIS: ATP yield

Answer 6

• 2 ATP

Question 7

KREBS CYCLE: location

Answer 7

• Mitochondrial matrix

Question 8

KREBS CYCLE: inputs

Answer 8

• 2 Acetyl-CoA
• NAD+ + H+
• FAD + H+

Question 9

KREBS CYCLE: outputs

Answer 9

• 4 CO2
• 2 ATP
• NADH
• FADH2

Question 10

KREBS CYCLE: ATP yield

Answer 10

• 2 ATP

Question 11

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN: location

Answer 11

• Inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)

Question 12

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN: inputs

Answer 12

• O2 + H+
• 26 or 28 ADP + Pi
• NADH
• FADH2

Question 13

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN: outputs

Answer 13

• H2O
• 26 or 28 ATP
• NAD+ + H+
• FAD + H+

Question 14

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN:
ATP yield

Answer 14

• 26 or 28 ATP

Question 15

anaerobic fermentation

Answer 15

• breakdown of glucose and ATP production via glycolysis in the absence of oxygen

Question 16

anaerobic fermentation: animals

Answer 16

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
- LOCATION: Cytosol
- INPUTS: Glucose
- OUTPUTS: Lactic acid, ATP

Question 17

anaerobic fermentation: plants

Answer 17

ALCOHOL FERMENTATION
- LOCATION: Cytosol
- INPUTS: Glucose
- OUTPUTS: Ethanol, CO2, ATP

Question 18

Factors that affect cellular respiration: temperature

Answer 18

• cellular respiration rate is highest when temperature aligns with enzymes optimal temperature

Question 19

Factors that affect cellular respiration: O2 concentration

Answer 19

• low O2 means the cells switches to anaerobic fermentation
• as O2 levels rise aerobic respiration increases
• plateaus
• increases O2 does not always increase rate

Question 20

Factors that affect cellular respiration: glucose

Answer 20

• increased glucose increased rate
• decreased glucose decreased rate
• reached saturation point and operating at maximum rate

Question 21

HOW TO CREATE: biofuels

Answer 21

• deconstruction
• digestion of enzymes
• ethanol fermentation
• purification and dehydration

Question 22

Factors that affect enzyme function: temperature

Answer 22

• activity of an enzyme if affected by temperature
• if it gets to hot it might denature (active site is has conformational change and substrate can not fit)
• each enzyme has its own optimal temperature
• if it’s too cold the rate slows down

Question 23

Factors that affect enzyme function: PH

Answer 23

• if it becomes too acidic or basic the enzyme can denature

Question 24

Factors that affect enzyme function: concentration

Answer 24

• as substrate concentration increases so does reaction rate
• until the saturation point is reached.

ENZYME CONCENTRATION
- larger number of active sites

Question 25

Factors that affect enzyme function: COMPETITIVE INHIBITION

Answer 25

• the inhibitor binds to the active site blocking the substrate meaning no reaction will occurs (called competitive due to both the inhibitor and substrate competing for the active site)

Question 26

Factors that affect enzyme function: NON-COMPETITIVE INHIBITION

Answer 26

• Interferes with in enzyme by binding to another site that is not the active site
• causing conformational change
• this prevents the substrate from binding