Chapter 6 pt2 APUSH Flashcards
What questions were the patriots confronted with upon declaring independence.
Would power reside in national gov. or states?
How did patriots amplify the principles of popular sovereignty/republicanism?
(mostly Pennsylvania) Scots-Irish farmers, artisans, intellectuals ousted every office holder of Penn’s gov., abolished property ownership as qualification for voting, and granted tax paying men the right to vote and hold office
*Pennsylvania constitution of 1776 created what?
A one-house legislature with complete power;
there was no governor to exercise a veto. Other provisions mandated a system of elementary education and protected citizens from imprisonment for debt
What aspects of PA constitution were most offensive to John Adams?
“wanted to restrict office holding to “men of learning, leisure and easy circumstances” and warned of oppression under majority rule.”
“they will vote all property out of the hands of you aristocrats.”
What did John Adams advocate?
Mixed government (British Whig theory) To disperse authority and preserve liberty, he insisted on separate institutions: -legislators make laws -executive carry them out -judiciary will enforce
*average citizens now had _______
greater power at the polls and greater influence in the
halls of government
What impact did republican ideals have on gender roles and expectations during the revolutionary era.
upper-class women engaged in political debate and wrote on opinions with public issues.
Eliza Wilkinson-
most women did
not insist on civic equality with men; many sought only
an end to restrictive customs and laws
Abigail Adams-
demanded equal legal rights for married women, who
under common law could not own property, enter into
contracts, or initiate lawsuits
“Men would be tyrants if they continued to hold such power over women,”
Judith Sargent Murray-
men and women had
equal capacities for memory and that women had
superior imaginations.
Women were inferior to men in judgment and reasoning, but only from lack of training:
How did the revolutionary commitment to liberty and the protection of property affect LOYALIST’s?
- severe financial loss
- seizure of property (sold in auctions)
How did the revolutionary commitment to liberty and the protection of property affect Native Americans?
-(natural advantages)/Land claims took away Native American land
How did the revolutionary commitment to liberty and the protection of property affect Enslaved African Americans?
- fought to protect property right
- any calls for emancipation met violent objections
What were the articles of confederation?
Each state retains its freedom and independence, and as equals the state had 1 vote on important laws.
What were the weaknesses of the articles of confederation?
It had neither a chief executive nor a judiciary.
Though it could make treaties, it could not enforce
Explain the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
created new territories(eventually become Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin)The ordinance prohibited slavery and set aside funds from land sales for school. Also congress appointed a governor for each territory
Why does Henretta assert this ordinance to be the legacy of the confederation congress concerning U.s. expansion?
- There will be no politically independent colonies (equal!)
- extended geographical divisions between slave and free area’s
Describe the events of Shay’s rebellion?
Tax icreased five folds. Farmers couldn’t pay and where threatened by law suits. To protect farmers from property seizures there would be protest that turned into full-scale revolts led by captain Daniel Shays
What underlying issues within the young republic were revealed by Shay’s rebellion?
Oppressor’s had replaced British tyrants
Why was the drafting of a national constitution controversial to some and acclaimed by others?
CONTRVERSIAL -b/c it distorted republican principles -only worked in small political units ACCLAIMED -solved nations woes
Confederation officials and diplomats
advocated stronger central government.
States w/ strong commercial traditions wanted to control own Tariff policy
Southern leaders
Southern leaders became nationalists because state legislators cut taxes and refused to redeem war bonds
Creditors
creditors condemned state laws that delayed payment of mortgage ad private debt
Who of not was present, and who was absent for the meeting in the summer of 1787.
PRESENT- most states, strong nationalist, educated: merchants slave holding planters, and monied men
NOT RESENT- Rhode island (opposed increasing central authority) artisans, backcountry settlers, tenant, yeomen farmers
Virginia plan
Scheme for powerful national gov.
3 CRUSCIAL RESPECTS:
1. reject state power instead use national authority
2. national gov. established by the people
3.three tier election system
New Jersey plan
Gave the confederation power to raise revenue, control commerce, and make binding requisitions on the states
The Great Compromise Negotiations over slavery
Senate (2 members each state) house of representative (apportioned by population)
DELEGATES ACCEPTEDTHIS
Federalist
- supported federal union
- obscued comitment to strong natiional gov.
- launched campaign in pamhlets and newpapersto justify philidelphia constituion.
Antifederalists
documentlackeda declarationof individual rights
How did anti-federalist draw on revolutionary ideas to make their case against the constitution?
“I had rather be a free
citizen of the small republic of Massachusetts than an
oppressed subject of the great American empire.”
what claims did nationalists make in response to antifederalist fears?
centralized gov. would lead to domestic tyranny
Federalist No. 10
Madisionchallenged therepublican governments only worked in small pollities. large state would be better protecting of liberty
individuals should seek power in formof factions
Why was the economy bad?
War debt and commerce was not good, because British barred America out of trading with them.
Why shay’s rebellion?
Power in hands of mercantile Elite That owned war bods and who ignored intrest of ordinary citizens
