Chapter 6 ~ Probability and Simulation: The Study of Randomness (INCOMPLETE) Flashcards
Simulation
The imitation of chance behaviour, based on a model that accurately reflects the phenomenon under consideration.
Random
Individual outcomes are uncertain but there is nonetheless a regular distribution of outcomes in a large number of repetitions.
Probability
The proportion of times the outcome would occur in a very long series of repetitions. That is, probability is long-term relative frequency.
Sample Space S
The set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment (such as flipping a coin, rolling a die, etc.)
Element
Each individual outcome in the sample space
Event
A subset of the sample space. Any outcome or a set of outcomes of random phenomenon.
Probability model
A mathematical description of a random phenomenon consisting of two parts: a sample space S and a way of assigning probabilities to events.
What are the three acts to properly enumerate the outcomes in a sample space?
Drawing a Tree diagram
Multiplication Counting Principle
Making an organised list of all possible outcomes
Multiplication Counting Principle
If you can do one task in m number of ways and a second task in n number of ways then both tasks can be done in m*n number of ways.
Sampling with replacement
Ex: Picking a card from a deck and putting it back in the deck before drawing a second card. The probability for each new selection remains the same.
Sampling without replacement
Ex: Picking a card from a deck and drawing a second card without putting the first one back in the deck. This changes the probability for each new selection.
A∪B
A union B
The set of elements which belong to A or B or both
A∩B
A intersect B
The set of elements which belong to set A and B
Ø
Denotes the empty set, meaning the event has no outcomes in it.
The probability P(A) of any event is always a number between __________
0 and 1 inclusive
