Chapter 6: Nail Disorders & Diseases Flashcards
Hangnail
Damaged skin around the nail plate (often on the eponychium) becomes split or torn
Onycholysis
Separation of the nail plate and bed
often due to injury or allergic reactions
Eggshell Nail
Thin white nail plate that is more flexible than usual
caused by poor diet, heredity, internal disease, or overfil with file
Onychomycosis
Nail plate fungal infection
whitish patches that can be scraped off the nail’s surface or long whitish, pale yellowish streaks within the nail plate
Discolored nail
Nail that has turned a variety of colors
indicates surface staining, systemic disorder, or poor blood circulatio
Onychosis
Any deformity or disease of the natural nails
Leukonychia
Whitish discoloration found inside the nail plate
usually caused by injury to the nail matrix
Onychorrhexis
irregular split or brittle nails appearing as nail plate surface roughness
heredity, matrix injury, exposure to cuticle remover, or aggressive file
Ridged Nail
Vertical lines running the length of the natural nail plate
usually the result of aging
Paronychia
Bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail
redness, pus, and swelling are usually present
Bruised Nail Bed
dark purplish spots
usually due to a small nail bed injury
Nail Disorder
An unhealthy nail condition that is hereditary or caused by injury or disease of the nail unit
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Rapidly growing and contagious bacteria that can cause infection; seen in the early stages as a yellow– green spot that becomes darker in its advanced stage, changing from yellow to green to brown to black
Pyogenic Granuloma
Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate
Pincer Nail (trumpet nail)
A form of dramatically increased nail curvature of the free edge, whereby the nail can curl in upon itself or may be deformed only on one sidewall
Beau’s Lines
Depressions running across the nail plate’s width due to a slowing production of matrix cells
Melanonychia
Significant darkening of the fingernails or toenails
cause by increased pigment cells (melanocytes)
may be seen as a black band under/within the nail plate, extending from the base to the freee edge
Nail Melanoma (subungual melanoma)
A rare, serious type of skin cancer that begins in the nail matrix
Mostly prevalent in the nails of your thumbs and big toes and usually affects one nail at a time. Sometimes it can look like other conditions that affect the nail bed, such as a bruise. If untreated it can metastasize or spread to other parts of your body.
Tinea Pedis (athletes foot)
Medical term for fungal infection of the feet
often seen as red patches or scaling of the skin on the bottom of feet and/or between the toe
Onychocryptosis (ingrown nail)
Nail grows into the living tissue around the nail
Splinter Hemorrhage
Damage to the capillaries under the nail
caused by physical trauma or nail bed injury
gives the appearance of the lengrhwise small splinter underneath the nail plate
Nail Pterygium
Irregular stretching of the eponychium or hyponychium around the nail plate
usually from serious injury or an allergic skin reaction
Nail Psoriasis
Nail surface pitting, roughness, onycholysis, and bed discolorations randomly or evenly spaced
nail plate may appear as if it has been filed with a coarse abrasive, or the free edge may be ragged, or both
Onychomadesis
Separation and falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed
caused by infecton, matrix injury, systemic illes, or medical procedure
Infected Finger
Finger with visible redness, pain, swelling, broken skin, or pus
Plicatured Nail (folded nail)
A type of highly curved nail plate
usually caused by injury to the matrix, but may be inherited
Onychia
Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail
caused by infection or injury
Onychophagy (bitten nails)
Result of a habit of chewing the nail or chewing the hardened skin surrounding the nail plate
