Chapter 6: Motivation and the Regulaiton of Internal States Flashcards
Christopher, the person described in the introduction of the chapter, exhibited all of the following EXCEPT
a. poor impulse control
b. short stature.
c. mental disability
d. violent outbursts
c. mental disability
Which of the following statements regarding motivation is TRUE
a. motivation is controlled by the thalamus.
b. motivations are best thought of as instinctive drives.
c. motivation refers to bodily states of need
d. motivation is sometimes confused with emotion.
d. motivation is sometimes confused with emotion
The face that some people need higher levels of excitement than other is BEST explained by __ theory
a. incentive
b. arousal
c. drive.
d. instinct.
b. arousal
Which of the following animals is ectothermic
a. elephant
b. chicken
c. cow
d. snake
d. snake
Endothermic animals can reduce their body temperature by
a. burrowing into the ground
b. finding shade.
c. sweating
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Warmth-sensitive and cold-sensitive cells that help mammals regulate their body temperature are found in the __ of the hypothalamus
a. preoptic area
b. area postrema
c. ventromedial nucleus
d. nucleus of the solitary tract
a. preoptic area
Jason has just eaten an entire bag of potato chips and suddenly feels thirsty. What type of thirst is he experiencing?
a. hypovolemic
b. osmotic
c. hypervolemic
d. endothermic
b. osmotic
Which of the following does NOT result in loss of extracellular water
a. exercise
b. blood loss
c. ingesting a lot of salt
d. vomiting
c. ingesting a lot of salt
Osmotic Thirst
a. results from activation of baroreceptors in the heart
b. results from the release of renin by the kidney’s
c. controlled by the subfornical organ
d. is disrupted when the OVLT is lesioned
d. is disrupted when the OVLT is lesioned
Which of the following statements is TRUE
a. the set point for temp is less variable than the set point for hunger
b. the set point for thirst is more variable than the set point for hunger
c. the set point for temp is more variable than the set point for hunger
d. once we reach adulthood, the set point for hunger becomes stable.
a. the set point for temp is less variable than the set point for hunger
a species of animal that only eats berries and leaves is
a. carnivore
b. omnivore
c. herbivore
d. endovore
c. herbivore
Of all the primary the qualities, __ is the MOST recently discovered.
a. umami
b. sour.
c. bitter
d. salty
a. umami
Foods that provide the ions necessary for neural transmission are MOST likely to taste
a. sweet
b. salty
c. bitter
d. sour
b. salty
foods that contain toxins tend to taste
a. sweet
b. sour
c. salty
d. bitter
d. bitter
the taste buds send signals to the __ area of the cortex
a. olfactory
b. auditory
c. gustatory
d. somatosensory
c. gustatory
learned taste aversion accounts for all of the following EXCEPT
a. bait shyness in rats
b. coyotes’ refusal to eat lamb after consuming a tainted carcass
c. rat’s decreased responsiveness to glucose placed on the tongue after receiving a glucose injection
d. children avoiding certain flavors of ice cream eaten while undergoing chemo.
c. rats decreased responsiveness to glucose placed on the tongue after glucose injections
Which of the following statements regarding taste preferences is TRUE
a. rats are better at “listening to what their bodies need” than humans
b. rats deprived of a vitamin can develop a preference for a food high in that vitamin.
c. rats behavior does not change when their diet is missing critical nutrients
d. rats find the taste of cinnamon aversive
b. rats deprived of a vitamin can develop a preference for food high in that vitamin.
Which of the following Is released by the stomach as an aid to digestion.
a. pepsin
b. leptin
c. insulin
d. cholecystokinin
a. pepsin
Most of digestion occurs in the
a. large intestine
b. small intestine
c. liver
d. stomach
b. small intestine
Glycerol is a product of the transformation of
a. fats
b. proteins.
c. carbs
d. stomach
a. fats
after nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream, they are transported to the __ by the hepatic portal vein
a. kidneys
b. liver
c. brain
d. large intestine
b. liver
