Chapter 6: Motivating Behaviour with Work and Rewards

Question 1

Name the two-based perspectives on motivations:

Answer 1

1. Need-based perspectives on motivation
2. Process-based perspectives on motivation

Question 2

List the six potential ways for motivated behaviour and enhanced performance:

Answer 2

1. Job design
2. Employee Participation
3. Flexible work arrangements
4. Goal Setting
5. Performance Management
6. Organisational Rewards

Question 3

Job Design in Organisations:

Define Job Design:

Answer 3

How organisations define and structure jobs

Question 4

Job Design in Organisation:

What is the effect of well designed and ill designed jobs?

Answer 4

Well designed: can lead to unmotivated employees
Ill designed: unmotivated employees

Question 5

Job Design:

Define Job Specialisation:

Answer 5

Breaking jobs down into small component tasks and standardising them across all workers doing those jobs.

Question 6

Job Design:

Define Job Rotation:

Answer 6

Systematically moving workers from one job to another in an attempt to minimise monotony and boredom.

Question 7

Job Design:

List five advantages to Job Rotation

Answer 7

1. Eliminates boredom
2. Encourages development
3. Give employees a break from strenuous job duties
4. Helps you identify where employees work best
5. Gives you a backup plan if an employee leaves

Question 8

Job Design:

List five disadvantages of Job Rotation

Answer 8

1. Can be costly and time consuming
2. Could end up with disgruntied employees
3. It won’t fix all your problems
4. Might not be feasible for some industries
5. Your business could suffer

Question 9

Job Design:

Define Job Enlargement (horizontal job loading)

Answer 9

Expanding a worker’s job to included tasks previously performed by other workers.

Question 10

Name five benefits of Job Enlargement

Answer 10

a) Variety of tasks/activities
b) Proper utilisation of skills and ability
c) Better earning possibilities
d) Satifactory work modules
e) Keeps workers engaged

Question 11

Define Job Enrichment (vertical job loading)

Answer 11

Entails giving workers
more tasks to perform and more control over how to perform them.

Question 12

List seven features of Job Enrichment:

Answer 12

1. Vertical expansion
2. Self-disciplined
3. Requires skilled employees
4. Challanging job
5. Professional Approach
6. Personal Accountability
7. Authority and Responsibility

Question 13

Define the Job Characteristics Theory

Answer 13

Uses five motivational properties of tasks and three critical psychological states to improve outcomes.

Question 14

Job Characterristics Theory:

Name the three critical psychological states:

Answer 14

1. Experienced meaningfulness of the work: degree to which individual experiences the job as generally meaningful, valuable and worthwhile.
2. Experienced responsibility for work outcomes: degree to which individuals feel personally accountable+ responsible for results of their work.
3. Knowledge of results: degree to which individuals continuously understand how effectively they are performing their jobs.

Question 15

Job Characteristics Theory:

Name and describe the five Core job dimensions

Answer 15

1. Skills variety: degree to which job requires variety of activities that involove different skills and talents.
2. Task variety: degree to which job requires completion of “whole” and identifiable peice of work; extend to which job has beginning and end with tangible outcome.
3. Task significance: degree to which job affects lives/work of other people, both in immediate organisation+ external environment.
4. Autonomy: degree to which job allows individual substantial freedom, independance and discretion to schedule the work+ deterrmine procedures for carrying it out.
5. Feedback: degree to which job activities give individual direct+ clear information about effectiveness of his/her perfromance.

Question 16

Job Characteristics Theory:

What are the four Personal and Work Outcomes?

Answer 16

1. High internal work motivation
2. High-quality work performance
3. High satisfaction with the work
4. Low absenteeism and turnover

Question 17

Flexible Work Arrangements:

Define Compressed Work Schedule:

Answer 17

A work schedule in which employees work a full 45-hou week in fewer than the traditional 5 days.

Question 18

Flexible Work Arrangements:

Define Job Sharing:

Answer 18

Two or more part-time employees share one full-time job.

Question 19

Define Extended Work Schedules:

Answer 19

Work schedule that requires relatively long periods of work followed by relatively long periods of paid time off.

Question 20

Define Flexible Work Schedules (flexitime):

Answer 20

Give employees more personal control over the hours they work each day.
As long as the work gets done.

Question 21

Define Telecommuting:

Answer 21

Work arrangement in which employees spend part of their time working off-site.

Question 22

Who developed the Goal Setting Theory?

Answer 22

Edwin Locke
Late 1960’s

Question 23

What is the implication of the Goal Setting Theory?

Answer 23

You do the things that you do because you have a goal/objective in mind.

Question 24

Goal Setting Theory:

Name the four Goals for better job performance:

Answer 24

1. Goal difficulty
2. Goal specificity
3. Goal acceptance
4. Goal commitment

Question 25

# Goal Setting Theory: Define Goal difficulty:

Answer 25

Extent to which a goal is challenging and requires effort.

Question 26

# Goal Setting Theory; Define Goal specificity:

Answer 26

Clarity and precision of a goal.

Question 27

# Goal Setting Theory: Define Goal acceptance:

Answer 27

Extent to which a person accepts a goal as his/her own.

Question 28

# Goal Setting Theory: Define Goal commitment:

Answer 28

Extent to which a person is personally interested in reaching a goal.

Question 29

Define the Balanced Scorecard Approach to Performance Management:

Answer 29

Relatively structured performance management technique that identifies financial and non-financial perfromance measures and organises them into a single model.

Question 30

# The BSC: List the four aspects to Vision and Strategy in the BSC.

Answer 30

1. Finance 2. Internal Business Processes 3. Innovation and Learning 4. Customer Perceptions