Chapter 6: Memory

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

An active system that receives information from the sense, puts that information into a usable form, organizes it as it stores it away, & then retrieves the information from storage.

Question 2

3 Processes of Memory

Answer 2

1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval

Question 3

Encoding

Answer 3

The set of mental operations that people perform on sensory information to convert that information into a form that is usable in the brain’s storage systems.

Question 4

Storage

Answer 4

Holding onto information for some period of time.

Question 5

Retrieval

Answer 5

Getting information that is in storage into a form that can be used.

Question 6

Models of Memory

Answer 6

1. Information-Processing Model
2. Parallel Distributed Processing Model
3. Levels-of-Processing Model

Question 7

Information-Processing Model

Answer 7

Focuses on the way information is processed through different stages of memory.

Question 8

Parallel Distributed Model

Answer 8

Focuses on the simultaneous processing of information across multiple neuron networks.

More about the connections and timing of memory processes.

Question 9

Levels-of-Processing Model

Answer 9

Focuses on the depth of processing associated with specific information.

Deeper processing associated with longer retention.

Question 10

3 Memory Systems

Answer 10

1. Sensory Memory
2. Short-term Memory
3. Long-term Memory

Question 11

Sensory Memory

Answer 11

Very first stage of memory, the point at which information enters the nervous system through the sensory systems.

Door that is open for a brief time.

Question 12

2 Kinds of Sensory Memory

Answer 12

1. Iconic Sensory Memory

2. Echoic Sensory Memory

Question 13

Iconic Memory

Answer 13

Visual sensory memory.

Lasting only a fraction of a second.

Question 14

Capacity of Iconic Memory

Answer 14

Everything that can be seen at one time.

Question 15

Duration of Iconic Memory

Answer 15

Yeah

Question 16

Masking

Answer 16

A process wherein information that has just entered iconic memory will be pushed out very quickly by new information.

Question 17

Eidetic Imagery

Answer 17

Aka photographic memory

The ability to access a visual memory for 30 seconds or more.

Question 18

Function of Iconic Memory

Answer 18

Helps the visual system to view surroundings as continuous and stable in spite of these saccadic movements.

Allows the brain stem enough time to decide if the information is important enough to be brought into consciousness.

Question 19

Echoic Sensory Memory

Answer 19

The brief memory of something a person has just heard.

Question 20

Capacity of Echoic Memory

Answer 20

Limited to what can be heard at any one moment.

Smaller than the capacity of Iconic Memory, but lasts longer: 2 to 4 seconds.

Question 21

Function of Echoic Memory

Answer 21

Allows person to remember what someone said long enough to recognize the meaning of a phrase.

Allows people to hold on to incoming auditory information long enough for the lower brain centers to determine whether or not processing by higher brain centers is needed.

It’s what allows musicians to tune a musical instrument.

Question 22

Short-term Memory (STM)

Answer 22

The memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used.

Question 23

Selective Attention

Answer 23

The ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input.

Question 24

Working Memory

Answer 24

An active system that processes the information in short-term memory.