Chapter 6: Main Sectors of Indian Economy: Agriculture Flashcards
What are the 3 main sectors of the Indian economy? Explain.
Primary Sector:
Consists of agriculture, animal husbandry, dairy, poultry, forestry and fisheries. Good’s are produced by exploiting economy’s natural resources.
Goods produced by this sector are known as primary goods.
Secondary Sector:
This includes activities relating to manufacturing and construction. Under manufacturing all types of industries: small scale, large scale industries are included. Small scale industries produce goods in small quantities. Large scale industries produce goods in large quantities. Secondary sector includes all those activities which produce various goods with the help of raw materials produced in the primary sector. Goods produced by this sector are known as manufactured goods.
Tertiary Sector:
It does not produce goods. It produces services. It is also known as service sector.
Explain the two parts that the Indian Economy is divided into based on ownership.
Indian economy may be divided into the public and private sectors. The public sector includes all those economic organisations which are engaged in the production and distribution of goods and services owned and managed by the govt. Private sector, on the other hand, consists of all those productive activities or business enterprises which are entirely under private ownership.
Mention the two parts that the Indian economy can be divided into based on habitation.
On the basis of habitation, the Indian economy can be divided into urban and rural sector.
What is the definition of Agriculture?
The word agriculture is derived from 2 words: ‘Agri’ meaning field and ‘culture’ meaning cultivation. Webster Dictionary states, ‘Agriculture is the art or science of production of crops and livestock on a farm.
What are the 7 roles of Agriculture?
- Share in National Income: India is an agricultural economy.
- Source of employment: It is the main source of employment. About 43% of the labour force depend on agriculture for their livelihood.
- Source of food supply: It meets the food requirements of such a huge population.
- Importance in industrial development: Agriculture provides raw materials to industries. Workers engaged in various industries depend on agriculture for their food requirements.
- Importance in International Trade: All exported goods bring invaluable foreign exchange to pay for the increased imports.
- Source of labour supply: Agriculture provides many semi-skilled and unskilled workers which are needed for various economic activities in the urban areas, such as construction, causal jobs like rickshaw pullers, petty trading activities, etc.
- Internal trade: 90% of the population spends 60% of their income on the purchase of agro-based items.
What are the general factors of the causes of low productivity in India?
- Heavy pressure of population on agriculture: Too many people depend on agriculture. Increasing pressure of the population on land has led to sub-division and fragmentation of holdings. The size of holding is declining.
- Discouraging rural atmosphere: Indian farmers are generally illiterate, ignorant, superstitious and conservative. Their blind faith in social customs, traditions and fatalism keeps them satisfied with old methods of cultivation. The presence of mutual bitterness and group conflicts among them lead to litigation. Under such a discouraging atmosphere, there is no possibility of agricultural development.
What are the institutional factors of the causes of low productivity in India?
- Size of holdings: The average size of a holding in India is very uneconomic. Small holdings lead to a wastage of land, labour and capital.
- Land tenure system: Before independence, agricultural productivity was adversely affected by the system of land tenure. Under it, there was no security of tenancy. The tenants could be turned out of their land anytime as and when the landlords desired. They were charged high rent for the use of land. Today, they have to pay high rent for the land they cultivate and have no security of tenancy.
What are the 5 technological factors of the cause of low productivity in India?
- Old methods of production: Using old implements and tools such as wooden plough, spade, hoe, sickle, etc.
- Lack of irrigation facilities: We do not have adequate irrigation facilities in India. Indian agriculture is called a gamble of monsoon. In the absence of irrigation facilities, the farmers hardly grow one crop a year. Chemical fertilisers and HYV seeds cannot be effectively used. As a result, per hectare yield remains low in India.
- Lack of good seeds: Improved seeds are expensive and farmers cannot afford to buy them.
- Use of manure and fertilisers: Generally, dung is used for preparing manure, Manure is very cheap and useful for agriculture. But, unfortunately, it is used as fuel in most areas. Chemical fertilisers on the other hand, are expensive and in short supply.
- Agricultural Finance: For their cash requirements, farmers mainly depend on village moneylenders who always exploit them. These moneylenders charge very high rates of interest and cheat the illiterate and innocent farmers.
What is the meaning of ecosystem?
An ecosystem or ecological system an be defines as a group of living and non-living things that are interdependent on each other and are found in a particular type of environment.
