Chapter 6 - Long-Term Memory: Structure Flashcards
What do divisions refer to?
Division refers to distinguishing between different types of memory
LTM is the system that is responsible for…
storing memories for long periods of time.
How long can long term stretch back?
It stretches from just a few moments ago to as far back as we can remember.
The more recent the memory is the more…
detailed it is.
Cindy tells her friend Tony that she watched a James Bond last night with Jim. How is Tony using both LTM and STM to process this information?
Tony’s STM is holding the exact wording of that statement in his mind.
- “She went to the movie with Jim.”
His LTM contains knowledge relevant to what is happening.
-Jim is the guy Cindy met three weeks ago.
- James Bond is 007.
- I saw that movie. It had some good explosions.
- Cindy is a big James Bond fan.
- I think Cindy and James really like each other
What was studied in the experiment by B.B. Murdoch, Jr. in 1962?
He studied the studied the distinction between STM and LTM by measuring a function called the serial position curve.
How is a serial position curve created?
It is created by presenting a list of words to a participant, one after another. After the last word, the participant writes down all the words he or she remembers, in any order.
The finding that participants are more likely to remember words presented at the beginning of a sequence is called…
the primacy effect
What is a possible explanation of the primacy effect?
Participants had time to rehearse the words at the beginning of the sequence and transfer them to LTM.
The better memory for the stimuli presented at the end of a sequence is called…
the recency effect.
What is a possible explanation of the recency effect?
The most recently presented
words are still in STM and therefore are easy for participants to remember
In Glanzer and Cunitz’s (1966) experiment, they had participants
recall the words after they had counted backwards for 30 seconds right after hearing the last word of to prevent rehearsal and allow time for information to be lost from STM. What did this delay show?
There was no recency effect occurs if the memory test is delayed for 30 seconds.
What is the different between LTM and STM in terms of capacity, retention duration, and coding?
LTM:
Capacity - Unlimited
Retention Duration - Indefinite
Coding - Based on meaning
STM:
Capacity - 5 to 9 items
Retention Duration - 15 to 20 seconds
Coding - based acoustic traits
What are the types of LTM? How are they divided?
Long Term Memory:
- Explicit Memory (Conscious)
● Episodic
● Semantic - Implicit Memory (Not Conscious)
●Procedural Memory
●Priming
●Conditioning
What is another word for explicit and implicit memory?
Explicit – Declarative Memory
Implicit – Non-declarative Memory
__________ involves conscious awareness and the ability to intentionally recall past experiences or information
Explicit Memory
__________ is unconscious and involves remembering information or experiences without intentional effort.
Implicit Memory
What are the key differences between implicit and explicit memory?
EXPLICIT memory requires intentional effort to bring information into awareness. Memories of events, facts, and personal experiences.
IMPLICIT memory happens automatically, without conscious effort. Motor skills, habits, and preferences
When you engage in activities like tying your shoelaces or riding a bike, especially after a period of not practicing them and your body effortlessly recalls the motions with minimal conscious effort. What is this an example of?
Implicit Memory
When you try to remember details of your birthday party a few years ago–What happened, who was there, and where did it take place?–What is this an example of?
Explicit Memory
What is the distinction between episodic memory and semantic memory?
Episodic memory is memory for experiences.
Semantic memory is memory from fact.
__________ involves remembering specific events or experiences in a person’s life–mental diary of personal experiences.
Episodic Memory
__________ is about general knowledge and facts that are not tied to a specific time or place. It’s the memory for concepts, meanings, and information.
Semantic Memory
Being able to name the capital cities of Brazil, Canada, Mexico is an example of what type of memory?
Semantic Memory
Being able to recall the sequence of events and the details surrounding that experience is an example of what type of memory?
Episodic
