Chapter 6: Learning + Cultural Transmission Theories Flashcards
Final Exam
Premise of Learning/Cultural Transmission Theories
crime is a result of social interaction, good or bad behaviors are learned the same
Two Types of Learning Practices
1) Conventional- education, legal activity
2) Unconventional- crime, illegal activity
Active agent examples
family, peers, community, norms
Father of Positivism from Chicago School
Edwin Sutherland
Sutherland’s Theory
Differential Association
Sutherland rejected _____
idea that crime is inherited
2 primary influences of differential association
1) agents of socialization
2) content of socialization
Criticisms of Differential Association
failed to address how one is taught/learns
Sutherland believed everyone is exposed to ___ or ___
prosocial or pro-criminal behaviors
Two Associated Processes of Social Learning
1) Punishments
2) Reinforcement
Types of punishments
1) sanction received (positive)
2) reward lost (negative)
Types of reinforcements
1) Scoring the big one (positive)
2) behavior is strengthen by stopping negative outcome (negative)
Two Methods of Social Learning
1) Imitation /Modeling
2) Principle of Differential Reinforcement
Describe Imitation/Modeling
direct participation or observing what happens to others as a result of learning
Describe Principle of Differential Reinforcement
given 2 forms of behavior, one retained is most highly rewarded
