Chapter 6: Integumentary System

Question 1

Dermatology

Answer 1

Scientific Study and medical treatment of the integumentary system

Question 2

Integumentary system

Answer 2

The body’s outer layer. Made up skin, hair and nails. Skin is most vulnerable organ.

Question 3

Epidermis

Answer 3

the superficial region that is ABOVE. avascular

Question 4

Dermis

Answer 4

underlies epidermis, most fibrous connective tissue, vascular

Question 5

Hypodermis

Answer 5

Superficial fasica that is mostly adipose tissue.
NOT part of skin.

Question 6

Thick skin

Answer 6

covers front of hands and bottom of feet (palm and souls) (0.5mm) FIVE STRATA

Question 7

Thin Skin

Answer 7

covers rest of the body (0.1mm) has hair follicles, sebaceous glands and oil glands FOUR STRATA

Question 8

functions of our skin

Answer 8

protection, body temperature regulation, cutaneous sensation, metabolic functions, blood reservior, excretion of wastes

Question 9

Three barriers that are protected

Answer 9

Chemical barrier, Physical barrier, Biological barrier

Question 10

Chemical Barrier

Answer 10

-Skin secretes many chemicals

Question 11

Defensins

Answer 11

sebum and defensins fills bacteria. chemical barrier secretes antimicrobial defensin

Question 12

Melanin

Answer 12

provides chemical barrier against UV radiation

Question 13

Physical Barrier

Answer 13

Flat dead kertinizied cells of stratum corneum, surrounded by glycolipids that block most water and water soluble substances

Question 14

Biological Barriers

Answer 14

-epidermis contains phagocytic dendritic cells
-DNA can absorb harmful UV radiation, converting it to harmless heat
-dermis contains macrophages

Question 15

dendritic cells

Answer 15

special type of immune cells that are found in tissues such as skin (boosts immune responses)

Question 16

thermoregulation

Answer 16

the maintenance of the physiologic core body temperature by balancing heat generation with heat loss

Question 17

insensible perspiration

Answer 17

under average resting body temperature sweat glands produce 500 ml/ day of UNNOTICEABLE sweat

Question 18

Sensible perspiration

Answer 18

Body temperature rises and causes dilation of dermal vessels to increase sweat gland activity (NOTICEABLE sweat)

Question 19

Body in cold temp.

Answer 19

dermal vessels constrict cause skin temp to drop

Question 20

Cutaneous sensory receptors

Answer 20

-part of the nervous system
-respond to stimuli outside the body, such as temp, touch, and pain

Question 21

Metabolic functions

Answer 21

-synthesize vitamin D needed for calcium absorption
-keratinocytes can activate some hormones

Question 22

Cells of epidermis

Answer 22

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Dendritic cells
Tactile cells

Question 23

Keratinocytes

Answer 23

(most abundant)
-Produce fibrous keratin (protien that gives skin its protective properties)
-tightly connected by desmosomes
- most common cells of the epidermis

Question 24

Melanocytes

Answer 24

-produce pigment melanin
- protects nucleus from UV damage

Question 25

Dendritic cells

Answer 25

are key activators immune cells

Question 26

Tactile cells

Answer 26

sensory receptors that sense touch

Question 27

Stratum basale

Answer 27

(deepest epidermal layer)
- single layer of stem cells and keratinocytes (stem cells divide and give rise to keratinocytes that migrate to the skin surface to replace lost cells)
-contains a few melanocytes and tactile cells

Question 28

Stratum spinosum

Answer 28

• several layers of keratinocytes joined together by desmosomes and tight junctions
• contains some dendritic cells

Question 29

Stratum granulosum

Answer 29

-three to five layers of flat keratinocytes
- contains dark-staining keratohyalin granules that will slow water loss
-cells above this layer die