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CNA > Chapter 6-Infection Prevention and Control > Flashcards

Chapter 6-Infection Prevention and Control Flashcards

1
Q

antimicrobial

A

an agent that destroys, resists, or prevents the development of pathogens

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2
Q

autoclave

A

an appliance used to sterilize medical instruments or other objects by using steam under pressure

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3
Q

bloodborne pathogens

A

microorganisms found in the human blood that can cause infection and disease

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4
Q

Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

A

federal law requiring that healthcare facilities protect employees from bloodborne health hazards

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5
Q

body fluids

A

tears, saliva, sputum(mucus coughed up), urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, pus or other wound drainage, and vomit

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6
Q

carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE)

A

bacteria that have developed resistance to carbapenems, which is a category of antibiotics

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7
Q

carrier

A

person who carries a pathogen, usually without signs or symptoms of disease, but who can still spread the disease

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8
Q

catheter

A

tube inserted through the skin or into a body opening that is used to administer or drain fluid

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9
Q

C. difficile or C. diff

A

an abbreviation for Clostridioides difficile; a bacterium that is spread by spores in feces that are difficult to kill; it causes symptoms such as diarrhea and nausea and can lead to serious inflammation of the colon (colitis)

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10
Q

CDC`

A

federal government agency responsible for improving the overall health and safety of the people in the US

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11
Q

clean

A

in health care, a condition in which an object is not contaminated with pathogens

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12
Q

communicable disease

A

an infectious disease transmissible by direct contact or by indirect contact

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13
Q

contagious disease

A

type of communicable disease that spreads quickly from person to person

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14
Q

contaminated

A

soiled, unclean; having disease causing organisms or infectious material on it

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15
Q

cross-infection

A

the physical movement or transfer of harmful bacteria from one person, object, or place to another, or from one part of the body to another

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16
Q

dehydration

A

an excessive loss of water from the body; a condition that occurs when fluid loss if greater than fluid intake

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17
Q

direct contact

A

way to transmit pathogens through touching the infected person or his secretions

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18
Q

dirty

A

in health care, a condition in which an object has been contaminated with pathogens

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19
Q

disinfection

A

process that destroys most, but not all, pathogens and other types of microorganisms

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20
Q

doff

A

to remove

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21
Q

don

A

to put on

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22
Q

drainage

A

flow of fluids from a wound or cavity

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23
Q

exposure control plan

A

plan that outlines specific work practices to prevent exposure to infectious material and identifies step-by-step procedures to follow when exposures do occur

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24
Q

exposure incident

A

specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, nonintact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee’s duties

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25
Q

fomite

A

an object that is contaminated with a pathogen to another person

26
Q

hand hygiene

A

washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water and using alcohol based hand rubs

27
Q

hand rub

A

an alcohol-containing preparation designed for application to the hands for reducing the number of microorganisms on the hands

28
Q

healthcare-associated infections (HAI)

A

an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care

29
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma

30
Q

immunity

A

resistance to infection by a specific pathogen

31
Q

incubation period

A

the period of time between exposure to a pathogen and the time it causes visible signs and symptoms of disease or illness

32
Q

indirect contact

A

way to transmit pathogens by touching something contaminated by the infected person

33
Q

infection

A

the state resulting from pathogens invading the body and multiplying

34
Q

infection prevention

A

set of methods used to prevent and control the spread of disease

35
Q

infectious disease

A

any disease caused by growth of a pathogen

36
Q

isolate

A

to keep something separate, or by itself

37
Q

localized infection

A

an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms

38
Q

malnutrition

A

a serious condition in which a person is not getting proper nutrition

39
Q

medical asepsis

A

measures used to reduce, remove, and control the spread of pathogens

40
Q

microbe

A

a living thing or organism that is so small that it is only visible under a microscope; also called a microorganism

41
Q

microorganism (MO)

A

a living thing or organism that is so small that it is only visible under a microscope; also called a microbe

42
Q

MRSA

A

an abbreviation for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus; bacteria that have developed resistance to the antibiotic methicillin

43
Q

mucous membrane

A

the membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitals

44
Q

multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs)

A

microorganisms, mostly bacteria, that are resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents that are commonly used for treatment

45
Q

noncommunicable disease

A

a disease not capable of being spread from one person to another

46
Q

nonintact skin

A

skin that is broken by abrasions, cuts, rashes, acne, pimples, lesions, surgical incisions, or boils

47
Q

normal flora

A

microorganisms that normally live in and on the body and do not cause harm in a healthy person, as long as the flora remain in that particular location

48
Q

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

A

a federal government agency that makes and enforces rules to protect workers from hazards on the job

49
Q

pathogens

A

microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease

50
Q

perineal care

A

care of the genitals and anal area

51
Q

personal protective equipment (PPE)

A

equipment that helps protect employees form serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards

52
Q

reinfection

A

being infected again with the same pathogen

53
Q

resistance

A

the body’s ability to prevent infection and disease

54
Q

sanitation

A

ways individuals and communities maintain clean, hygienic conditions that help prevent disease, such as the disposal of sewage and solid waste

55
Q

Standard Precautions

A

a method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectious disease

56
Q

sterilization

A

cleaning measure that destroys all microorganisms, including pathogens

57
Q

surgical asepsis

A

the state of being completely free of microorganisms; also called sterile technique

58
Q

systemic infection

A

an infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body, causing general symptoms

59
Q

transmission

A

the way and means by which disease is spread

60
Q

vaccine

A

a product that is administered to produce immunity to a specific disease

61
Q

VRE

A

an abbreviation for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; bacteria that have developed resistance to the antibiotic vancomycin

CNA (10 decks)

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