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A2 ICT > Chapter 6: Implications of ICT > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Implications of ICT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 elements of change management used to minimise the disruption and utilise the support of the workforce?

A
  1. Consultation
  2. Participation
  3. Communication
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2
Q

Explain 3 factors of importance of consultation when designing a new system?

A
  1. Important to ask others for their opinion
  2. The more people consulted, then the more relevant information that can be used
  3. However, people’s ideas will differ, which may cause conflict
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3
Q

What is participation?

A

Sharing ideas and getting every one involved in the project, giving them ownership of a product and process such as in analysis, design and testing

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4
Q

What is communication and why is it important?

A

Continuously informing people of relevant decisions, so everyone is always up to date with the latest developments

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5
Q

External changes can impact an organisation. Give 4 examples of external changes?

A
  1. Financial - VAT, interest
  2. Research - products, materials
  3. Competition - production methods, discounts, new products
  4. Personal - getting married, having children, retiring, moving house
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6
Q

Explain in 1 positive and 1 negative point the impact of an external change on the organisation?

A
  1. Tax, competition and legislation can lead to a business closing and people being made redundant
  2. New roads or lower interest rates can lead to new products and customers, so the business will grow
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7
Q

Give 3 impact points of external changes on an individual?

A
  1. Individual may be made redundant or promoted
  2. Individual may have to change their working hours or have training to learn a new skill
  3. If the business relocates then they may have to move house to keep their job
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8
Q

Give two impacts external changes may have on systems in use?

A
  1. New production methods may require new technology

2. Changes in the economy or competition may mean the system has to be streamlines to remove or add something to it

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9
Q

Give 3 factors involved in change management?

A
  1. The source of change is evaluated and decided if the change is required by communication of the workforce
  2. The change is then planned and the goals are drew up to anticipate the effects
  3. Change is finally implemented, removing staff resistance and changing work practices, all of which is managed
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10
Q

Give 4 aspects that should be considered in change management?

A
  1. Staff capability
  2. Staff views
  3. Systems and equipment
  4. Accommodation
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11
Q

In regards to code of conduct, what is ethics?

A

The discussion of whether the use of ICT is good or bad in terms of if its sensible, legal and moral

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12
Q

Give 2 examples of organisations that have a code of conduct and a code of ethics?

A
  1. BCS - The Chartered Institute for IT

2. ACM - The Association for Computing Machinery

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13
Q

Give 3 rules what a code of conduct should lay out?

A
  1. Set boundaries for what is expected from employee
  2. Establish what can and cannot be done on the computers
  3. Set a framework for disciplinary action if the code of conduct is broken
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14
Q

Give 2 advantages of a company having a code of conduct?

A
  1. Niche market for ethical companies and they are seen as green and carbon neutral
  2. Ethical companies are fair and treats employees and customers fairly, increasing loyalty
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15
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of a company having a code of conduct?

A
  1. Codes of conducts change and boundaries have no stability so there may be a lack of trust and employees may not like the rules
  2. May be at a competitive disadvantage as other companies who do not have a code of conduct may be able to sell their goods for cheaper to make more money
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16
Q

What is a professional body?

A

Formal group, set up to oversee a particular area of an industry and maintain control, setting codes of conduct and other guidelines

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17
Q

Describe and explain 2 purposes of the BCS?

A
  1. Their mission is to enable the ICT society by promoting change through advancement of information technology, science and practice
  2. Their vision is to be a world class ICT organisation, ensuring their skills meet demands of a changing world and adapting to grow their impact and influence in the future
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18
Q

What are the BCS’s 3 values?

A
  1. To think ahead and plan for the future
  2. To work together, sharing and encouraging collaboration between members, customers and the industry
  3. To drive progress and enable change by advancing IT
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19
Q

Describe 3 activities of the BCS?

A
  1. They set standards for the workers, including a code of conduct
  2. Provide examinations for members to obtain a qualification, recognised worldwide by similar bodies
  3. Hold conferences and meetings to allow members to meet others and discuss new developments and share experiences
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20
Q

Give 2 advantages of belonging to the BCS or any other professional body?

A
  1. Gives professional recognition through @bcs.org in their email and they are kept up to date will all developments
  2. Career developments through exams and training and financial benefits from cheaper software and hardware
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21
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of belonging to a professional body?

A
  1. Requires you to follow its code of conduct, which you may not agree with
  2. Memberships costs both money and time to complete training and pay for books and conferences
22
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of belonging to a professional body?

A
  1. Requires you to follow its code of conduct, which you may not agree with
  2. Memberships costs both money and time to complete training and pay for books and conferences
23
Q

Give 5 ways of protecting data?

A
  1. Encryption
  2. Authorisation
  3. Authentication
  4. Virus checking
  5. Physical security
24
Q

What is encryption?

A

Were plain text is taken and an algorithm is used to convert it into cipher text and a key is used to decipher the text

25
Q

What is authorisation?

A

Giving individuals or computers permission to access certain data

26
Q

How can authorisation be given and what law can unauthorised people potentially break?

A

It can be verbal or written and if someone who is not authorised accesses it, then they are breaking the Computer Misuse Act 1990

27
Q

What is biometric?

A

Using biological information to recognise an individual, such as fingerprinting, voice recognition, or iris scanner

28
Q

What is authentication?

A

Ensuring that the person or computer who is requesting the information is who they say they are through the use of a key or pin number

29
Q

What are the 2 different aspects to viruses?

A
  1. Prevention, which is stopping the virus getting onto the machine in the first place
  2. Checking, which is scanning a computer to find any viruses to get rid of them
30
Q

Give 3 examples of physical security?

A
  1. Locked doors
  2. Biometric security
  3. Computers secured to desk
31
Q

Give 6 topics for hardware and software development?

A
  1. Treating injuries or diseases
  2. Leisure activities
  3. Environment
  4. Home
  5. Education
  6. Freedom of speech and movement
32
Q

Give two reasons why data is kept confidential?

A
  1. Because the data protection act requires personal data to be kept secure
  2. Competitive advantage as other company’s may get hold of the data and use it first
33
Q

Give 3 ways data is kept confidential?

A
  1. Restrict access by passwords, access rights and physical security
  2. Encryption so the data cannot be read
  3. Install firewall between intranet and Internet
34
Q

How can companies educate staff to keep data confidential?

A

Teach them not to leave computers unlocked or not to share their passwords

35
Q

What 3 rules can be set for passwords to keep data confidential?

A
  1. 3 strikes and the account is locked
  2. No rescuing old passwords
  3. Passwords must include capital letter and a number
36
Q

How should staff views be considered in change management?

A

They should be consulted about what needs changing as they know the most about the system
Their opinions must be valued as without their backing, the changes would not work

37
Q

In what 2 ways should systems and equipment be considered in change management?

A
  1. The system must be tested to ensure that it works and staff need to welcome the change so they can be trained on new procedures
  2. The exact data and time of changeover needs to be set and all staff informed and their role
38
Q

In 2 ways, how is accommodation considered during change management?

A
  1. New equipment must be set up, involving more power points, air conditioning and floor space
  2. New departments such as technical support and maintainence will need accommodation and to be included in the organisation
39
Q

Name all of the 6 acts?

A
  1. Data protection act
  2. Computer misuse act
  3. Copyright designs and patents act
  4. Regulations of investigatory powers act
  5. Electronics communications act
  6. Freedom of informations act
40
Q

Identify 4 rights of individuals under the data protection act?

A
  1. Right to block correct or erase incorrect data
  2. Right to subject access
  3. Right to prevent processing that will cause damage or distress
  4. Right to prevent processing for the purpose of direct marketing
41
Q

Name 4 exemptions on the data protection act?

A
  1. National security
  2. Criminal investigations
  3. Health, education and social work
  4. Domestic purposes
42
Q

What is a data subject?

A

The living identifiable human being around which the data is being held

43
Q

What is the data controller?

A

Person who ensures all provisions of data protection act is being followed

44
Q

Who is the Information commissioner?

A

Person who makes sure data protection act is being followed by giving advice and investigating complaints

45
Q

How many principles does the data protection have?

A

8

46
Q

Give 5 provisions of the data protection act?

A

Personal data shall be…

  1. Processed fairly and lawfully
  2. Obtained only for one or more specified lawful purposes
  3. Adequate and relevant and not excessive
  4. Accurate and kept up to date
  5. Must be kept secure
47
Q

Give the 4 offences of the computer misuse act?

A
  1. Unauthorised access to computer material
  2. Unauthorised accessed with intent to commit a crime
  3. Unauthorised modification of computer material
  4. Making, supplying or obtaining anthing that may be used in an offense, such as a virus
48
Q

Give 3 examples of hardware and software development for treating injuries and disease?

A
  1. Remote surgery through robotics
  2. Creating medical components
  3. Expert systems for diagnosis
49
Q

Give 3 examples of hardware and software development concerning the freedom of speech and movement?

A
  1. Monitoring convicted criminals using CCT, implanted chips or phones
  2. Tracking and collecting information on movement through purchases, passports and cameras
  3. However there is an ethical issue of privacy. Some may not mind if they know they are not doing anything illegal but others may feel violated
50
Q

What does the BCS stand for?

A

British Computer Society

51
Q

In change management, how is staff capability considered in 3 ways?

A
  1. The skills of the staff should be utilised
  2. If staff are trained too far in advance they may forget it, but if it is too late, then they won’t have enough time
  3. Training takes staff away from their jobs and staff with skills not used may be resistant and need managing
52
Q

What do the 3 elements of change management aim to do?

A

Minimise disruption and utilise the support of the workforce

A2 ICT (6 decks)

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