Chapter 6 Groups and Organizations

Question 1

a social group is

Answer 1

2 or more people with a feeling of interdependence

Question 2

a aggregate is

Answer 2

a group of people in same place at same time, with little to no emotional connection between them

Question 3

primary group refers to

Answer 3

group of people who are really important in your life

Question 4

secondary group refers to

Answer 4

formal groups; relationships formal in nature (workplace)

Question 5

Group conformity suggests

Answer 5

peoples behaviour changes to fit into a group (peer pressure)

Question 6

Group conformity’s first published study using the Autokinetic effect was put forth by

Answer 6

Muzafer Sherif

Question 7

Conformity is

Answer 7

where an individual changes their behaviour to conform to society or a group

Question 8

Group think was famously studied by

Answer 8

Irving Janis

Question 9

Steps to group think include

Answer 9

• prior conditions: tightly knit team, under high stress
• symptoms of group think: group is arrogant
• Defective decision making: failure to examine risks of decisions
• consequences: disaster

Question 10

Group think is the

Answer 10

tendency of groups to conform to a decision

Question 11

Reference group is

Answer 11

a group that one uses as a point of reference when making decisions

Question 12

who studied reference groups?

Answer 12

Samuel Stouffer

Question 13

what were soldiers in units with low promotion rates?

Answer 13

more optimistic about being promoted

Question 14

What were soldiers in units with high promotion rates?

Answer 14

more pessimistic about promotions

Question 15

What explanation can be brought about by Samuel Stouffers study of reference groups using soldiers?

Answer 15

Most of us judge our well being based off of reference groups.

Question 16

Text messages are

Answer 16

rudimentary

Question 17

advantages of texting

Answer 17

social control and time to reflect

Question 18

consequences of texting

Answer 18

can’t see body language or emotions

Question 19

who wrote the book Alone Together relating to digital communication, groups, and self identity?

Answer 19

Sherry Turtle

Question 20

Phones provide people with a

Answer 20

extension of the self; self identity not separate from tech

Question 21

Who wrote The Lonely Crowd (1950) and taught Sherry Turkle?`

Answer 21

David Riesman

Question 22

David Riesman argued in the modern age there are 2 types of personalities, they are…

Answer 22

Inner-Directed Self and the Other-directed Self

Question 23

Inner Directed Self personalities

Answer 23

have strong beliefs, opinions and purpose

Question 24

Other directed self personalities

Answer 24

look to others for validation of opinions, beliefs, feelings

Question 25

Suburbia new comers tend to

Answer 25

conform to the beliefs and values of their communities and fear they won’t fit in

Question 26

Who theorized Hyper-Other-Directedness? And What does the phrase refer to?

Answer 26

Sherry Turtle. On demand validation of feelings and beliefs due to digital age.

Question 27

rationality is the

Answer 27

logical scientific manner of a bureaucracy to maximize profits.

Question 28

Bureaucracies were popularized in the

Answer 28

industrial revolution

Question 29

What is required for the IDEAL Bureaucracy?

Answer 29

1) Hierarchy
2) Division of Labour
3) Written rules
4) Written communication
5) Technical skill
6) Impersonality

Question 30

Informal structure is

Answer 30

how things really get done in a company (the office)

Question 31

What did the workers of the Hawthorne Plant (1924-32) do? What is this an example?

Answer 31

They worked according to their own rules. Did this to avoid getting laid off if they got too much work done. Example of informal structure.

Question 32

Red tape is when

Answer 32

a company has so many rules it hurts efficiency

Question 33

Lack of Communication in a bureaucracy refers to when

Answer 33

one department has no clue what another is doing. Can lead to embarrassment

Question 34

Alienation is when

Answer 34

an individual has no emotional connection to their company

Question 35

What are some characteristics of a Non-Western Bureaucracy?

Answer 35

• Individual feels connection towards company
• company looked at as family/team
• emotional bond

Question 36

Karoshi means

Answer 36

to work yourself too death

Question 37

Premium Fridays is

Answer 37

a non legal encouragement by some companies for their workers to take it easy on Fridays