Chapter 6- General Principles of Minimally Invasive Surgery Flashcards
Depending on the company, insufflators can use either of these gases
CO2 or filtered ambient air
A ____ degree laparoscope is frequently used and sufficient for cattle laparoscopy. However a ____ degree to ____ degree allow you to see laterally deviated organs
0 degree; 25 degree; 30 degree
What complication represents using a Veress needle for insufflation in cattle?
Due to thick abdominal wall, it has a tendency to create retroperitoneal insufflation since it tends to sit next to the peritoneum and not through it
For how long should a patient (cattle) have fasted for laparoscopy?
24-48 hours
Camera portal approach for cattle on the left
5 cm caudal to the last rib and 8 cm ventral from the extremity of the transverse border
Camera portal approach for cattle on the right side
5 cm below the point of the tuber coxae, in the hollow of the flank
Which way should the trocar for the camera portal be aimed when placed on the right side
Caudodorsally
Camera portal approach for ventral approach in cattle (2)
- 10 cm caudal to the xyphoid
- Just left to the umbilicus (For ventral abomasopexy)
When doing a ventral laparoscopy, accidental penetration of this structure might result in delay of insufflation until retraction of the camera allows clear visual of the peritoneum
Penetration in the omental leaves
Cranial structures observed during laparoscopy on the right flank (10)
- Right lobe of the Liver
- Caudate lobe of the Liver
- Sigmoid flexure of the Duodenum
- Descending Duodenum
- Diaphragm
- Epiploic foramen
- Pancreas
- Gallbladder
- Right kidney
- Omentum (Greater and lesser)
Caudal structures observed during laparoscopy on the right flank (5)
- Supraepiploic bursa
- Genital system
- Dorsal sac of the rumen
- Cecum
- Descending colon
2-4 are visual if scope is long enough
Structures observed caudally during left flank laparotomy (6)
- Dorsal sac of the rumen
- Left kidney
- Rectum
- Portion of the spiral colon
- Uterus
- Left ovary
4-6 Are more easily seen with rectal manipulation
Structures observed cranially on left flank laparoscopy (4)
- Part of the diaphragm
- Spleen
- Rumen
- Greater omentum’s attachment on rumen (possibly)
Structures observed cranially during ventral laparoscopy (6)
- Diaphragm
- Spleen
- Rumen
- Reticulum (biphasic contractions)
- Part of the liver (sometimes)
- Abomasum (Insertion of greater omentum)
Main indications for laparoscopy in cattle (3)
- Diagnostic
- Abomasal decompression
- Abomasal fixation
What is a complication with laparoscopic abomasopexy?
Functional stenosis from malpositioning or suturing errors
Where is the ideal insertion of the scope for a thoracoscopy in healthy cattle?
Ninth ICS, in the middle of the upper third of the thoracic cavity
True/False: Keeping the cow off feed is not mandatory for thoracoscopy
True
Why is acepromazine better than xylazine when sedating a cow?
Less cardiovascular depression, less likely to cause the cow to lay down during the procedure
How is the thorax distended for thoracoscopy?
Using a teat cannula, room air is allowed to enter the thorax in 4-5 breathing cycles
What is the highest pressure recommended if insufflation is being used in cattle thoracoscopy?
3 mm Hg
During thoracoscopy in cattle, the esophagus, vagal nerve, and aortic arch are better viewed from ____, while the pericardium is seen more frequently from ____
The left pleural cavity; the right pleural cavity
