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Milady's Standard Fundamentals for Estheticians Exam Review > Chapter 6: General Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 6: General Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What does nerve tissue do?

A

carry messages to and from the brain

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2
Q

What bone forms the lower jawbone, the largest and strongest bone of the face?

A

mandible

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3
Q

What are organs?

A

structures composed of specialized tissues

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4
Q

What is the organ that controls the body?

A

brain

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5
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A

providing a protective covering on body surfaces

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6
Q

How many phases of metabolism are there?

A

two

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7
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

changes food into nutrients and waste

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8
Q

What is the study of the anatomy, structure, and function of the bones?

A

osteology

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9
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A

circulates the blood

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10
Q

What is the subdivision of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles?

A

autonomic

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11
Q

What is mitosis?

A

process of cell reproduction

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12
Q

What are the two organs responsible for digestion?

A

intestines and stomach

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13
Q

What are veins?

A

thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries

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14
Q

What is the function of the lungs?

A

supplying oxygen to blood

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15
Q

What are structures that temporarily close a passage or permit flow in one direction only?

A

valves

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16
Q

What body system protects the body from disease?

A

lymphatic

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17
Q

What is one reason estheticians need to study anatomy and physiology?

A

you need to be able to recognize changes from the norm

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18
Q

What is the most complex organ of the endocrine system?

A

pituitary gland

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19
Q

What is the endocrine gland that regulates blood calcium and phosphorous levels?

A

parathyroid

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20
Q

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

A

controls how quickly the body burns energy and makes proteins

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21
Q

What is the phase of metabolism in which complex compounds within the cells are broken down into smaller ones?

A

catabolism

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22
Q

What is plasma?

A

the fluid part of the blood and lymph

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23
Q

The cells of all living things are composed of a substance called

A

protoplasm

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24
Q

What is the body system that consists of specialized glands and that affects growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body?

A

endocrine

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25
What is tissue?
collection of similar cells that perform a particular function
26
The pancreas is part of what body system?
endocrine
27
What are the endocrine glands that determine male and female sexual characteristics?
ovaries and testes
28
Which type of tissue binds together other tissues of the body?
connective
29
What is the body system that moves blood through the body?
circulatory
30
What is the body system that covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue?
muscular
31
What is the name of the flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs?
sternum
32
What is the part of the muscle that is attached to the skeleton and does not move called?
origin
33
During mitosis, a cell divides into two identical cells called _______ cells.
daughter
34
What is the body system that purifies the body by elimination of waste matter?
excretory
35
What is blood?
a nutritive fluid flowing through the circulatory system
36
What are specialized organs that remove certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds?
glands
37
What are also known as leukocytes?
white blood cells
38
Estheticians must understand the effect that services have on tissues, organs, and
body systems
39
What are hormones?
secretions that influence the welfare of the entire body
40
What are venules?
small vessels that connect capillaries to veins
41
What is a joint?
connection between two or more bones of the skeleton
42
How many pints of blood are there in the human body?
8 to 10
43
What is the function of the integumentary system?
serves as a protective covering for the body
44
What is the organ that excretes water and waste products?
kidney
45
What body system provides the physical foundation of the body?
skeletal
46
What is the bone that forms the back of the skull above the nape?
occipital
47
Which nerve, with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand?
radial
48
What is the nervous system?
body system that controls and coordinates all other body systems
49
What plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism?
nucleus
50
What removes toxic products of digestion?
liver
51
Which system includes skin, oil, and sweat glands?
integumentary system
52
Which bone joins all the bones of the cranium together?
sphenoid bone
53
What kind of bones are cheekbones?
malar bones
54
The "Adam's apple" is what?
malar bones
55
The humerus bone is where?
the arm
56
Which muscle causes wrinkles on the forehead?
frontalis
57
Which body part has muscles that are nonfunctioning?
ear
58
A function of the obicularis oculi muscle is to:
close the eye
59
A function of the mentalis muscle is to:
wrinkle your chin
60
The biceps are where?
front and inner side of the upper arm
61
A function of the flexor muscle is:
bend the wrist
62
Which system provides the physical foundation of the body?
skeletal system
63
The brain is:
nerve tissue
64
The cell body and nucleus, dendrites, and an axon make up:
nerve cell
65
What receives impulses from other neurons?
dendrites
66
What transmits impulses that produce reactions to elements such as heat and cold?
sensory nerves
67
Which nerves supply the arm hand?
median
68
The infratrochlear nerve affects what area?
the membrane and skin of the nose
69
The seventh cranial is a:
motor nerve
70
Which nerve controls chewing?
fifth cranial
71
The buccal nerve affects what?
the muscles of the mouth
72
The cervical nerves affect what?
the scalp at the back of the head and neck
73
Which nerve is located at the base of the skull?
the smaller occipital nerve
74
What nerve supplies the thumb?
the radial nerve
75
What part of the body does the radial nerve and its branches supply?
The thumb, the side of the arm, and the back of the hand
76
What system coordinates all other systems?
nervous system
77
What is a function of lymph?
carries waste and impurities from cells
78
The heart is what shape?
cone
79
The main function of the vagus nerve is to:
regulate the heartbeat
80
The vagus nerve is also known as the:
tenth cranial
81
What best describes the ventricles?
the lower thick walled chambers of the heart
82
Which type of circulation sends blood from the heart to the lungs?
pulmonary
83
What best describes the atrium?
a thin-walled chamber of the heart
84
Veins carry blood containing:
waste products
85
What best describes blood?
nutritive fluid in the body
86
What are the components of blood?
red and white corpuscles, platelets, plasma, and hemoglobin
87
What best describes hemoglobin?
complex iron protein
88
What is a main function of plasma?
takes carbon dioxide away from body cells
89
What is a main function of platelets?
contributes to blood clotting
90
What is a main function of white blood cells?
destroys disease-causing germs
91
Red blood cells contain:
hemoglobin
92
Which system acts as an aid to the blood system?
lymph vascular system
93
The facial artery supplies blood to:
lower region of the face
94
The common cartoid arteries supply blood to:
the head
95
The submental artery supplies what?
blood to the chin
96
The superior labial artery supplies what?
blood to the upper lip
97
What does the inferior labial artery supply?
blood to the lower lip
98
The angular artery supplies what?
blood to the side of the nose
99
The parietal artery is a branch of what artery?
the superficial temporal artery
100
What does the posterior auricular supply?
blood to the scalp and ear area
101
Which artery supplies blood to the front of the ear?
the anterior auricular artery
102
The internal and external jugular veins carry:
blood returning to the heart from the head
103
What do exocrine glands produce?
sweat
104
A main function of the digestive enzyme is to:
change food into a form that can be used by the body
105
A main function of the large intestine is to:
eliminate decomposed food
106
The respiratory system consists of:
heart and lungs
107
Describe the diaphragm
muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region
108
What is histology the study of?
tiny structures found in living tissue

Milady's Standard Fundamentals for Estheticians Exam Review (3 decks)

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