Chapter 6: General Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
What does nerve tissue do?
carry messages to and from the brain
What bone forms the lower jawbone, the largest and strongest bone of the face?
mandible
What are organs?
structures composed of specialized tissues
What is the organ that controls the body?
brain
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
providing a protective covering on body surfaces
How many phases of metabolism are there?
two
What is the function of the digestive system?
changes food into nutrients and waste
What is the study of the anatomy, structure, and function of the bones?
osteology
What is the function of the heart?
circulates the blood
What is the subdivision of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles?
autonomic
What is mitosis?
process of cell reproduction
What are the two organs responsible for digestion?
intestines and stomach
What are veins?
thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries
What is the function of the lungs?
supplying oxygen to blood
What are structures that temporarily close a passage or permit flow in one direction only?
valves
What body system protects the body from disease?
lymphatic
What is one reason estheticians need to study anatomy and physiology?
you need to be able to recognize changes from the norm
What is the most complex organ of the endocrine system?
pituitary gland
What is the endocrine gland that regulates blood calcium and phosphorous levels?
parathyroid
What is the function of the thyroid gland?
controls how quickly the body burns energy and makes proteins
What is the phase of metabolism in which complex compounds within the cells are broken down into smaller ones?
catabolism
What is plasma?
the fluid part of the blood and lymph
The cells of all living things are composed of a substance called
protoplasm
What is the body system that consists of specialized glands and that affects growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body?
endocrine
What is tissue?
collection of similar cells that perform a particular function
The pancreas is part of what body system?
endocrine
What are the endocrine glands that determine male and female sexual characteristics?
ovaries and testes
Which type of tissue binds together other tissues of the body?
connective
What is the body system that moves blood through the body?
circulatory
What is the body system that covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue?
muscular
What is the name of the flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs?
sternum
What is the part of the muscle that is attached to the skeleton and does not move called?
origin
During mitosis, a cell divides into two identical cells called _______ cells.
daughter
What is the body system that purifies the body by elimination of waste matter?
excretory
What is blood?
a nutritive fluid flowing through the circulatory system
What are specialized organs that remove certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds?
glands
What are also known as leukocytes?
white blood cells
Estheticians must understand the effect that services have on tissues, organs, and
body systems
What are hormones?
secretions that influence the welfare of the entire body
What are venules?
small vessels that connect capillaries to veins
What is a joint?
connection between two or more bones of the skeleton
How many pints of blood are there in the human body?
8 to 10
What is the function of the integumentary system?
serves as a protective covering for the body
What is the organ that excretes water and waste products?
kidney
What body system provides the physical foundation of the body?
skeletal
What is the bone that forms the back of the skull above the nape?
occipital
Which nerve, with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand?
radial
What is the nervous system?
body system that controls and coordinates all other body systems
What plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism?
nucleus
What removes toxic products of digestion?
liver
Which system includes skin, oil, and sweat glands?
integumentary system
Which bone joins all the bones of the cranium together?
sphenoid bone
What kind of bones are cheekbones?
malar bones
The “Adam’s apple” is what?
malar bones
The humerus bone is where?
the arm
Which muscle causes wrinkles on the forehead?
frontalis
Which body part has muscles that are nonfunctioning?
ear
A function of the obicularis oculi muscle is to:
close the eye
A function of the mentalis muscle is to:
wrinkle your chin
The biceps are where?
front and inner side of the upper arm
A function of the flexor muscle is:
bend the wrist
Which system provides the physical foundation of the body?
skeletal system
The brain is:
nerve tissue
The cell body and nucleus, dendrites, and an axon make up:
nerve cell
What receives impulses from other neurons?
dendrites
What transmits impulses that produce reactions to elements such as heat and cold?
sensory nerves
Which nerves supply the arm hand?
median
The infratrochlear nerve affects what area?
the membrane and skin of the nose
The seventh cranial is a:
motor nerve
Which nerve controls chewing?
fifth cranial
The buccal nerve affects what?
the muscles of the mouth
The cervical nerves affect what?
the scalp at the back of the head and neck
Which nerve is located at the base of the skull?
the smaller occipital nerve
What nerve supplies the thumb?
the radial nerve
What part of the body does the radial nerve and its branches supply?
The thumb, the side of the arm, and the back of the hand
What system coordinates all other systems?
nervous system
What is a function of lymph?
carries waste and impurities from cells
The heart is what shape?
cone
The main function of the vagus nerve is to:
regulate the heartbeat
The vagus nerve is also known as the:
tenth cranial
What best describes the ventricles?
the lower thick walled chambers of the heart
Which type of circulation sends blood from the heart to the lungs?
pulmonary
What best describes the atrium?
a thin-walled chamber of the heart
Veins carry blood containing:
waste products
What best describes blood?
nutritive fluid in the body
What are the components of blood?
red and white corpuscles, platelets, plasma, and hemoglobin
What best describes hemoglobin?
complex iron protein
What is a main function of plasma?
takes carbon dioxide away from body cells
What is a main function of platelets?
contributes to blood clotting
What is a main function of white blood cells?
destroys disease-causing germs
Red blood cells contain:
hemoglobin
Which system acts as an aid to the blood system?
lymph vascular system
The facial artery supplies blood to:
lower region of the face
The common cartoid arteries supply blood to:
the head
The submental artery supplies what?
blood to the chin
The superior labial artery supplies what?
blood to the upper lip
What does the inferior labial artery supply?
blood to the lower lip
The angular artery supplies what?
blood to the side of the nose
The parietal artery is a branch of what artery?
the superficial temporal artery
What does the posterior auricular supply?
blood to the scalp and ear area
Which artery supplies blood to the front of the ear?
the anterior auricular artery
The internal and external jugular veins carry:
blood returning to the heart from the head
What do exocrine glands produce?
sweat
A main function of the digestive enzyme is to:
change food into a form that can be used by the body
A main function of the large intestine is to:
eliminate decomposed food
The respiratory system consists of:
heart and lungs
Describe the diaphragm
muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region
What is histology the study of?
tiny structures found in living tissue
