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Milady's Standard Fundamentals for Estheticians Exam Review > Chapter 6: General Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 6: General Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What does nerve tissue do?

A

carry messages to and from the brain

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2
Q

What bone forms the lower jawbone, the largest and strongest bone of the face?

A

mandible

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3
Q

What are organs?

A

structures composed of specialized tissues

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4
Q

What is the organ that controls the body?

A

brain

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5
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A

providing a protective covering on body surfaces

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6
Q

How many phases of metabolism are there?

A

two

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7
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

changes food into nutrients and waste

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8
Q

What is the study of the anatomy, structure, and function of the bones?

A

osteology

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9
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A

circulates the blood

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10
Q

What is the subdivision of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles?

A

autonomic

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11
Q

What is mitosis?

A

process of cell reproduction

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12
Q

What are the two organs responsible for digestion?

A

intestines and stomach

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13
Q

What are veins?

A

thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries

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14
Q

What is the function of the lungs?

A

supplying oxygen to blood

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15
Q

What are structures that temporarily close a passage or permit flow in one direction only?

A

valves

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16
Q

What body system protects the body from disease?

A

lymphatic

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17
Q

What is one reason estheticians need to study anatomy and physiology?

A

you need to be able to recognize changes from the norm

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18
Q

What is the most complex organ of the endocrine system?

A

pituitary gland

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19
Q

What is the endocrine gland that regulates blood calcium and phosphorous levels?

A

parathyroid

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20
Q

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

A

controls how quickly the body burns energy and makes proteins

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21
Q

What is the phase of metabolism in which complex compounds within the cells are broken down into smaller ones?

A

catabolism

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22
Q

What is plasma?

A

the fluid part of the blood and lymph

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23
Q

The cells of all living things are composed of a substance called

A

protoplasm

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24
Q

What is the body system that consists of specialized glands and that affects growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body?

A

endocrine

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25
Q

What is tissue?

A

collection of similar cells that perform a particular function

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26
Q

The pancreas is part of what body system?

A

endocrine

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27
Q

What are the endocrine glands that determine male and female sexual characteristics?

A

ovaries and testes

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28
Q

Which type of tissue binds together other tissues of the body?

A

connective

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29
Q

What is the body system that moves blood through the body?

A

circulatory

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30
Q

What is the body system that covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue?

A

muscular

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31
Q

What is the name of the flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs?

A

sternum

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32
Q

What is the part of the muscle that is attached to the skeleton and does not move called?

A

origin

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33
Q

During mitosis, a cell divides into two identical cells called _______ cells.

A

daughter

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34
Q

What is the body system that purifies the body by elimination of waste matter?

A

excretory

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35
Q

What is blood?

A

a nutritive fluid flowing through the circulatory system

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36
Q

What are specialized organs that remove certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds?

A

glands

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37
Q

What are also known as leukocytes?

A

white blood cells

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38
Q

Estheticians must understand the effect that services have on tissues, organs, and

A

body systems

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39
Q

What are hormones?

A

secretions that influence the welfare of the entire body

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40
Q

What are venules?

A

small vessels that connect capillaries to veins

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41
Q

What is a joint?

A

connection between two or more bones of the skeleton

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42
Q

How many pints of blood are there in the human body?

A

8 to 10

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43
Q

What is the function of the integumentary system?

A

serves as a protective covering for the body

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44
Q

What is the organ that excretes water and waste products?

A

kidney

45
Q

What body system provides the physical foundation of the body?

A

skeletal

46
Q

What is the bone that forms the back of the skull above the nape?

A

occipital

47
Q

Which nerve, with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand?

A

radial

48
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

body system that controls and coordinates all other body systems

49
Q

What plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism?

A

nucleus

50
Q

What removes toxic products of digestion?

A

liver

51
Q

Which system includes skin, oil, and sweat glands?

A

integumentary system

52
Q

Which bone joins all the bones of the cranium together?

A

sphenoid bone

53
Q

What kind of bones are cheekbones?

A

malar bones

54
Q

The “Adam’s apple” is what?

A

malar bones

55
Q

The humerus bone is where?

A

the arm

56
Q

Which muscle causes wrinkles on the forehead?

A

frontalis

57
Q

Which body part has muscles that are nonfunctioning?

A

ear

58
Q

A function of the obicularis oculi muscle is to:

A

close the eye

59
Q

A function of the mentalis muscle is to:

A

wrinkle your chin

60
Q

The biceps are where?

A

front and inner side of the upper arm

61
Q

A function of the flexor muscle is:

A

bend the wrist

62
Q

Which system provides the physical foundation of the body?

A

skeletal system

63
Q

The brain is:

A

nerve tissue

64
Q

The cell body and nucleus, dendrites, and an axon make up:

A

nerve cell

65
Q

What receives impulses from other neurons?

A

dendrites

66
Q

What transmits impulses that produce reactions to elements such as heat and cold?

A

sensory nerves

67
Q

Which nerves supply the arm hand?

A

median

68
Q

The infratrochlear nerve affects what area?

A

the membrane and skin of the nose

69
Q

The seventh cranial is a:

A

motor nerve

70
Q

Which nerve controls chewing?

A

fifth cranial

71
Q

The buccal nerve affects what?

A

the muscles of the mouth

72
Q

The cervical nerves affect what?

A

the scalp at the back of the head and neck

73
Q

Which nerve is located at the base of the skull?

A

the smaller occipital nerve

74
Q

What nerve supplies the thumb?

A

the radial nerve

75
Q

What part of the body does the radial nerve and its branches supply?

A

The thumb, the side of the arm, and the back of the hand

76
Q

What system coordinates all other systems?

A

nervous system

77
Q

What is a function of lymph?

A

carries waste and impurities from cells

78
Q

The heart is what shape?

A

cone

79
Q

The main function of the vagus nerve is to:

A

regulate the heartbeat

80
Q

The vagus nerve is also known as the:

A

tenth cranial

81
Q

What best describes the ventricles?

A

the lower thick walled chambers of the heart

82
Q

Which type of circulation sends blood from the heart to the lungs?

A

pulmonary

83
Q

What best describes the atrium?

A

a thin-walled chamber of the heart

84
Q

Veins carry blood containing:

A

waste products

85
Q

What best describes blood?

A

nutritive fluid in the body

86
Q

What are the components of blood?

A

red and white corpuscles, platelets, plasma, and hemoglobin

87
Q

What best describes hemoglobin?

A

complex iron protein

88
Q

What is a main function of plasma?

A

takes carbon dioxide away from body cells

89
Q

What is a main function of platelets?

A

contributes to blood clotting

90
Q

What is a main function of white blood cells?

A

destroys disease-causing germs

91
Q

Red blood cells contain:

A

hemoglobin

92
Q

Which system acts as an aid to the blood system?

A

lymph vascular system

93
Q

The facial artery supplies blood to:

A

lower region of the face

94
Q

The common cartoid arteries supply blood to:

A

the head

95
Q

The submental artery supplies what?

A

blood to the chin

96
Q

The superior labial artery supplies what?

A

blood to the upper lip

97
Q

What does the inferior labial artery supply?

A

blood to the lower lip

98
Q

The angular artery supplies what?

A

blood to the side of the nose

99
Q

The parietal artery is a branch of what artery?

A

the superficial temporal artery

100
Q

What does the posterior auricular supply?

A

blood to the scalp and ear area

101
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the front of the ear?

A

the anterior auricular artery

102
Q

The internal and external jugular veins carry:

A

blood returning to the heart from the head

103
Q

What do exocrine glands produce?

A

sweat

104
Q

A main function of the digestive enzyme is to:

A

change food into a form that can be used by the body

105
Q

A main function of the large intestine is to:

A

eliminate decomposed food

106
Q

The respiratory system consists of:

A

heart and lungs

107
Q

Describe the diaphragm

A

muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region

108
Q

What is histology the study of?

A

tiny structures found in living tissue

Milady's Standard Fundamentals for Estheticians Exam Review (3 decks)

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