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Honors Physical Science > Chapter 6: Force, Mass, and Motion > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Force, Mass, and Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

Are distance and time important when describing motion?

A

Yes, because distance and time are both necessary to calculate motion.

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2
Q

What is motion?

A

Motion occurs when an object changes position relative to a reference point.

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3
Q

What is distance?

A

Distance is how far an object has traveled.

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4
Q

What is displacement?

A

Displacement is distance and direction of an object change in position from a starting point.

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5
Q

What is speed?

A

Speed is the distance an object travels per unit time (rate of change in position).

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6
Q

What is the formula for speed or velocity?

A

Total distance (d) divided by total time (t) equals average speed (v), or d/t=v

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7
Q

What are the types of speed?

A

The three types of speed are instantaneous, average, and constant.

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8
Q

What is instantaneous speed?

A

Instantaneous speed is speed at any given point in time, for example driving a car and glancing down at the speedometer.

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9
Q

What is average speed?

A

Average speed is the total distance traveled divided by total time, for example, taking a road trip.

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10
Q

What is constant speed?

A

Constant speed is speed that does not vary, for example, putting your car in cruise control.

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11
Q

Motion of an object can be graphed on a(n) ____________ graph.

A

Distance-time

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12
Q

On a distance-time graph for motion, the X axis represents __________ and the Y axis represents ___________.

A

The X axis represents time, and the Y axis represents distance

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13
Q

The slope of a line on a time-distance graph gives ___________________.

A

The speed of an object in motion

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14
Q

The slope of a line on a time-distance graph is ________________________.

A

Rate of change linked to speed

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15
Q

What does the position of a line mean on a time-distance graph?
Answer for the following situations:
flat line, straight upward arrow heading to the right, and straight downward arrow heading to the right

A

flat line= not moving, straight upward arrow heading to the right= constant speed that is moving away from starting point, straight downward arrow heading to the right= constant speed that is moving closer to the starting point

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16
Q

Becky leaves home and rides a distance of 30 km. It took her 2.5 hours. What is her speed?

A

12 km/hr

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17
Q

A speed boat is traveling at 100 km/hr. How many hours will it take for the boat to cover a distance of 115 km?

A

1.15 hrs

18
Q

What is the speed of a helicopter that traveled 1200 miles in 7 hours?

A

171.43 mi/hr

19
Q

A hot air balloon traveled 2.5 hours at the speed of 450 km/hr. What distance did it travel?

A

1125 km

20
Q

An airplane leaves Orlando, Florida and travels 540 miles to Washington DC. The flight takes 90 minutes. What is the speed of the plane?

A

6 mi/min

21
Q

What is the difference between positive and negative acceleration?

A

Positive acceleration speeds up as it goes, negative acceleration slows down as it goes.

22
Q

What is velocity?

A

Velocity includes speed of an object and the direction of motion.

23
Q

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

A

Velocity includes direction of motion, whereas speed does not.

24
Q

What is acceleration?

A

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. It occurs when an object changes speed, direction, or both.

25
Q

When you calculate acceleration, what format is it in?

A

meters/second^2

Meters per second squared

26
Q

What is the formula for calculating acceleration?

A

Acceleration equals change in velocity (final velocity minus initial velocity) divided by time.

27
Q

A plane takes off…
Initial velocity 0 m/s
Final velocity is 80 m/s
Time is 20 seconds

What type of acceleration is, and what is the acceleration?

A

Positive acceleration

A= 4 m/s^2 (squared)

28
Q

A bike comes to a stop…
Initial velocity is 3 m/s
Final velocity is 0 m/s
Time is 2 seconds

What type of acceleration is this, and what is the acceleration?

A

Negative acceleration

A= -1 1/2 m/s^2 (squared)

29
Q

A paperboy he rode his bike at 3 m/s. After being chased by dog for 8 seconds, he was traveling 6 m/s. What is his acceleration?

A

3/8 m/s^2 (squared)

30
Q

A pumpkin is dropped. After 5 seconds, the velocity is 47 m/s.
What is it’s acceleration?

A

9.4 m/s^2 (squared)

31
Q

A runner is running at 6m/s. He then stumbles over and opponents foot, falling and rolling to stop. This took 4 seconds. What is his acceleration?

A

-1.5 m/s^2 (squared)

32
Q

A skateboarder fell while doing a jump. She got up after 5 seconds, returning to the velocity of 5 m/s. What is her acceleration?

A

1 m/s^2 (squared)

33
Q

What is force?

A

The force is a push or pull applied to an object.

34
Q

What is net force?

A

Net force is when two or more forces act on an object at the same time.

35
Q

What is friction? And what is it caused by?

A

Friction is the force that opposes the sliding motion of two touching forces. Friction is caused by microscopic bumps on surfaces called microwelds.

36
Q

What is air resistance?

A

Air resistance is a friction-like force that opposes motion of objects that move through air (depends on speed, size, and shape of object).

37
Q

What are the four types of friction?

A

Static, sliding, rolling, and fluid

38
Q

What is static friction?

A

Static friction is friction in which two surfaces are not moving past each other- only one of the surfaces are moving (pushing a fridge across the floor).

39
Q

What is sliding friction?

A

Sliding friction is friction where to surfaces slide past one another (sliding down a hill).

40
Q

What is rolling friction?

A

Rolling friction is friction between a rolling object and the surface it rolls on (skateboard moving on ground).

41
Q

What is fluid friction?

A

Fluid friction is friction when an object moves through fluid (a gas or liquid). An example of this is skydiving.

Honors Physical Science (1 decks)

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