Chapter 6 // Fertilisation

Question 1

amniotic fluid

Answer 1

the fluid surrounding the embryo/foetus that protects the unborn baby

Question 2

antepartum

Answer 2

relating to the period directly before birth

Question 3

blastocyst

Answer 3

a cluster of cells in which some cell differentiation has occured

Question 4

cell differentiation

Answer 4

when cells take on specialised roles

Question 5

congenital abnormality

Answer 5

‘congenital anomaly’, a condition characterised by malformed body parts (external [limbs] or internal [organs]) that is present in birth

Question 6

endometrium

Answer 6

the nutrient-rich lining on the uterine wall in whihc the ovum (blastocyst) embeds or that is expelled every month if pregnancy does not occur

Question 7

haemorrhage

Answer 7

excessive bleeding

Question 8

implantation

Answer 8

occurs when a cluster of cells that will become an embryo attaches itself to the endometrium

Question 9

intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Answer 9

a process where a single sperm is injected into an ovum

Question 10

jaundice

Answer 10

condition that can affect newborns. symptoms: yellow tinge to skin, eyes, drowsiness, feeding difficulties and dark urine

Question 11

mandatory fortification

Answer 11

a law that requires certain nutrients to be added to specific foods during production

Question 12

morula

Answer 12

a solid ball of cells created from a zygote

Question 13

placenta

Answer 13

organ that allows transfer of nutrients, gases and wastes between mother and foetus

Question 14

regenerate

Answer 14

regrow to replace damaged, old or dead cells or tissues

Question 15

teratogen

Answer 15

anything in the environment that can cause defects to an embryo. e.g. smoke, alcohol, shellfish

Question 16

zygote

Answer 16

UNBORN BABY : full cellfrom the a sperm and ovum fusion

Question 17

conception

Answer 17

the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm in the Fallopian tube followed by implantation in the womb.

Question 18

fertilisation

Answer 18

the action or process of fertilizing an egg, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

Question 19

gamete

Answer 19

general name given to male and females sex cells

Question 20

IVF

Answer 20

reproductive technology in which an egg is removed from a woman, joined with a sperm cell from a man in a test tube (in vitro). The cells fuse to form single cell called a zygote, which then starts dividing, becoming an embryo.

Question 21

meiosis

Answer 21

cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes

Question 22

mitosis

Answer 22

cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

Question 23

neonate

Answer 23

an infant less than four weeks old.

Question 24

neural tube

Answer 24

hollow structure in an embryo from which the brain and spinal cord form. Defects in development can result in congenital abnormalities

Question 25

stem cell

Answer 25

simple cell in the body that is able to develop into any one of various kinds of cells (such as blood cells, skin cells, etc.)

Question 26

what are the 3 stages?

Answer 26

germinal, embryonic, fetal

Question 27

in what weeks does the germinal stage occur?

Answer 27

0-2 weeks

Question 28

what occurs in germinal stage?

Answer 28

conception, cells divide rapidly, zygote implants in uterine lining,

Question 29

in what weeks does the embryonic stage occur?

Answer 29

3-8 weeks

Question 30

what occurs in embyronic stage?

Answer 30

organ development, unborn baby is an embryo, mother MUST AVOID TERATOGENS, critical stage for brain development

Question 31

what occurs in between germinal stage and organ development?

Answer 31

implantation

Question 32

in what weeks does the fetal stage occur?

Answer 32

9 weeks - birth

Question 33

what occurs in the fetal stage?

Answer 33

more development, sensory properties and learning, unborn baby = fetus

Question 34

how many cells is a zygote?

Answer 34

1 cell

Question 35

how many cells is morula

Answer 35

16 cells

Question 36

how many cells is a blastocyst

Answer 36

64 cells