Chapter 6 // Fertilisation Flashcards
amniotic fluid
the fluid surrounding the embryo/foetus that protects the unborn baby
antepartum
relating to the period directly before birth
blastocyst
a cluster of cells in which some cell differentiation has occured
cell differentiation
when cells take on specialised roles
congenital abnormality
‘congenital anomaly’, a condition characterised by malformed body parts (external [limbs] or internal [organs]) that is present in birth
endometrium
the nutrient-rich lining on the uterine wall in whihc the ovum (blastocyst) embeds or that is expelled every month if pregnancy does not occur
haemorrhage
excessive bleeding
implantation
occurs when a cluster of cells that will become an embryo attaches itself to the endometrium
intracytoplasmic sperm injection
a process where a single sperm is injected into an ovum
jaundice
condition that can affect newborns. symptoms: yellow tinge to skin, eyes, drowsiness, feeding difficulties and dark urine
mandatory fortification
a law that requires certain nutrients to be added to specific foods during production
morula
a solid ball of cells created from a zygote
placenta
organ that allows transfer of nutrients, gases and wastes between mother and foetus
regenerate
regrow to replace damaged, old or dead cells or tissues
teratogen
anything in the environment that can cause defects to an embryo. e.g. smoke, alcohol, shellfish
zygote
UNBORN BABY : full cellfrom the a sperm and ovum fusion
conception
the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm in the Fallopian tube followed by implantation in the womb.
fertilisation
the action or process of fertilizing an egg, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
gamete
general name given to male and females sex cells
IVF
reproductive technology in which an egg is removed from a woman, joined with a sperm cell from a man in a test tube (in vitro). The cells fuse to form single cell called a zygote, which then starts dividing, becoming an embryo.
meiosis
cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes
mitosis
cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
neonate
an infant less than four weeks old.
neural tube
hollow structure in an embryo from which the brain and spinal cord form. Defects in development can result in congenital abnormalities
stem cell
simple cell in the body that is able to develop into any one of various kinds of cells (such as blood cells, skin cells, etc.)
what are the 3 stages?
germinal, embryonic, fetal
in what weeks does the germinal stage occur?
0-2 weeks
what occurs in germinal stage?
conception, cells divide rapidly, zygote implants in uterine lining,
in what weeks does the embryonic stage occur?
3-8 weeks
what occurs in embyronic stage?
organ development, unborn baby is an embryo, mother MUST AVOID TERATOGENS, critical stage for brain development
what occurs in between germinal stage and organ development?
implantation
in what weeks does the fetal stage occur?
9 weeks - birth
what occurs in the fetal stage?
more development, sensory properties and learning, unborn baby = fetus
how many cells is a zygote?
1 cell
how many cells is morula
16 cells
how many cells is a blastocyst
64 cells
