chapter 6; exam 2 Flashcards
audience analysis
is the process of gathering and analyzing information about audience members’ attributes and motivations with the explicit aim of preparing your speech in ways that will be meaningful to them.
audience-centered
approach throughout the entire speech preparation process–from selection and treatment of the speech topic to make decisions about how you will organize, word, and deliver it-will help you prepare a presentation that your audience will want to hear.
attitudes
are our general evaluations of people , ideas, objects, or events.
beliefs
the ways in which people perceive reality. they are our feelings about what is true.
values
our most enduring judgments about what’s good and bad in life, which is shaped by our culture and our unique experiences within it.
if topic is new to listeners
show relevance, relate the topic to familiar issues and ideas about which they hold positive attitudes.
if listeners know little about the topic
stick to basics for background, steer clear of jargon and define unclear terms, and repeat important points, summarize info.
if listeners are negatively disposed toward the topic
focus on credibility, begin with areas of agreement, intro the other side of argument after you know their bias, give solid evidence,
if listeners hold positive attitudes
stimulate audience to feel even more strongly by emphasizing the side of agreement with which they already agree, tell stories with vivid language..
if listeners are a captive audience
motivate listeners to pay attention by stressing what is most relevant to them, pay close attention to the length of your speech.
identification
listeners have a natural desire to identify with the speaker and to feel that he or she shares their perceptions
captive audience
who are required to hear the speaker , may be less positively disposed to the occasion than members of voluntary audience
voluntary audience
who attend a presentation on their own free will.
demographics
are statistical characteristics of a given population
examples of demographics
age, ethnic or cultural background, socioeconomic status, income, occupation, education…etc.
questionnaire
survey
close-ended questions
yes or no questions
fixed-alternative questions
yes, no, sometimes, maybe questions
scale questions
1,2,3,4,5 strongly agree; disagree questions
open-ended questions
allow respondents to elaborate as much as they wish
brainstorming
mind mapping
word association
write down a single topic that might interest you and your listeners.
topic(mind) mapping
put a potential topic in the middle of a piece of paper.
general speech purpose
to inform, to persuade, or to mark a special occasion
