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Profession Of Nursing > Chapter 6- Ethics In Nursing > Flashcards

Chapter 6- Ethics In Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

Values

A

Defined as attitudes, ideals, or beliefs that guide behavior

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2
Q

Morals

A

Established rules of conduct to be used to distinguish right from wrong

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3
Q

Ethics

A

Codified actions that specify what actions an individual should take

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4
Q

Bioethics

A

Application of ethical principles to moral issues in health care

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5
Q

Laws

A

Man-made rules of conduct that protect society

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6
Q

The purpose of laws

A

To protect the rights of one individual from infringement by another

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7
Q

As a group becomes larger and more complicated, laws tend to…

A

Increase

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8
Q

Ethical accountability

A

Each person is responsible for his or her own actions

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9
Q

One of the key elements of being a professional

A

Ethical accountability

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10
Q

Nurses are accountable to…

A 
Clients
Public
Profession of nursing
Facility administration
Physicians
Other nurses (peer review)
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11
Q

Accountability is…

A

Answerability

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12
Q

What is Kolberg’s Stages of Moral Reasoning?

A

An approach to moral reasoning. It has three levels of moral reasoning

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13
Q

Kolberg’s stages of moral reasoning, the levels specifically

A

Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional

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14
Q

Utilitarianism

A

The end justifies the means.
No set rules or principles to govern day to day decisions.
All decisions depend on situation.
Group happiness.

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15
Q

Moral decisions in utilitarianism

A

The greatest good for the greatest number of people

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16
Q

Deontology

A

The most basic principle is “survival of the species”
Principles of right and wrong
Principles echo those in the bill of rights

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17
Q

In reality, most people use a ________ of ultilitarianism and deontology.

A

Combination

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18
Q

Principalism

A

Uses key ethical principles of beneficence, nonmaleficencr, autonomy, and justice to resolve ethical dilemmas

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19
Q

The primary ethical responsibility of nurses in practice

A

Respect for others

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20
Q

Six ethical principles

A 
Autonomy
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Justice
Fidelity
Veracity
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21
Q

Autonomy

A

Individuals have the right to determine their own actions and freedom to make their own decisions.

Respect is cornerstone

22
Q

Autonomic deductions are based on:

A

Individual values
Adequate information
Freedom from coercion
Reason and deliberation

23
Q

Beneficence

A

Based on promoting good for others… this is the primary goal of nursing and health care

One of the oldest of the ethical requirements in health care

24
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

Duty to do no harm

Foundation of Hippocratic oath

25
Q

Principle of double effect

A

One may produce a distressful or undesireable effect if intent is to produce overall good result

26
Q

Justice

A

Equals should be treated the same and unequals should be treated differently.

27
Q

How is justice used in reference to health care?

A

It relates to allocation of resources.

28
Q

Fidelity

A

Faithfulness or honoring one’s commitments or promises

29
Q

Fidelity is the key foundation for:

A

Nurse-patient relationship

Code of ethics for nurses

Maintaining competence

30
Q

Veracity

A

Telling the truth, not lying

31
Q

Exceptions to veracity in nursing

A

If a patient asks not to be told the truth

If a patient is mentally incompetent

If harm will come to the patient from telling the truth

32
Q

Advance directive

A

Decisions made by competent individuals about their future health care

33
Q

Living will

A

A written advance directive that identifies treatments, procedures, tests and so on, that a person wants or does not want should he or she become unable to make such decisions.

34
Q

Abandonment

A

Unilateral severance of the professional relationship with the client without adequate notice and while the need for care still exists

35
Q

Key phrase in relation to abandonment

A

Without adequate notice

36
Q

Nursinf code of ethics

A

Defines as a social contract through which the profession informs society of principles and rules guiding its function

37
Q

Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements

A

Nursing profession’s expression of its ethical values and duties to the public

38
Q

Scopes and standards of practice

A

Defines standards of practice and standards of professional performance

39
Q

International Council of nurses code of ethics for nurses

A

Rights and responsibilities of nurses related to people, practice, society, co-workers, and the profession

40
Q

Ethical decision making

A

Requires that the nurse make judgements or decisions when two or more values in a situation are incongruent.

41
Q

Model for ethical decision making

A 
Clarify the ethical dilemma
Gather additional information
Identify options
Make a decision
Act
Evaluate
42
Q

Common ethical dilemmas in nursing include conflicts between

A

Patients, their families, health care professionals, and institutions

43
Q

Some major issues involved in ethical dilemmas in nursing with relationships

A 
Personal value systems
Peers' and other professionals' behaviors
Patients' rights
Institutional and societal issues
Patient data access issues
Global dilemmas
44
Q

Ethical dilemma: when personal values are in conflict with professional values

A

Professional ethics outweigh personal ethics in professional setting

Nurses should find work in which personal ethics are not routinely challenged

45
Q

Ethical dilemma: when nurses or other health care providers routinely fail to meet standards of care

A

Through incompetence or impairment resulting from drug or alcohol addictions or by other breaches

46
Q

Ethical dilemma: when patients demand to have a voice in a health care decision that is controversial

A

Advance directives

Rights for patients with physical or mental disabilities

47
Q

Ethical dilemma: when cultural differences pose communication problems between patients and health care providers

A

Medical interpretation requires knowledge of medical terminology, cultural wisdom and sensitivity to patient’s needs

48
Q

Ethical dilemma: when nursing shortages promote proposals for changes in immigration laws

A

Removing immigration cap would exacerbate shortages in other countries

It challenges ability to ensure competency to provide safe nursing care, which occurs now through NCLEX from approved U.S. schools

49
Q

Ethical dilemma: when nurses disagree with policies of their institutions

A

Institutional ethics committees have been created to assist with ethical dilemmas in institutional settings through consultation and emotional support for nurses

50
Q

Ethical dilemma: when technology creates electronic portals into patients’ confidential medical info

A

Places great responsibility and power in the hands of health care workers and exacerbates basic ethical problems that exist

Profession Of Nursing (3 decks)

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