Chapter 6 Energy and Metabolism

Question 1

What kind of macromolecules are enzymes?

Answer 1

Protein

Question 2

What is a substrate?

Answer 2

a substance that reacts to the active site of an enzyme

Question 3

How is a product created in an enzyme reaction?

Answer 3

enzymes bind the substrate to an active site, chemically modify the substrate, converts it to a different molecule, which is the enzyme.

Question 4

What happens after a product is released from the active site in an enzyme reaction?

Answer 4

The active site returns to normal shape and is able to bind to other substrates

Question 5

What is the induced fit model in relation to an enzyme?

Answer 5

When the active sight slightly changes in order to fit the substrate

Question 6

What is an inhibitor in relation to an enzyme?

Answer 6

A substance that binds to enzyme and decreases enzyme activity

Question 7

How does a inhibitor affect enzyme activity?

Answer 7

it decreases it

Question 8

What is a competitive inhibitor?

Answer 8

it competes with the substrate for the active site

Question 9

What is a non-competitive inhibitor?

Answer 9

Binds to enzyme at the allosteric site

Question 10

How does the noncompetitive inhibitor affect the enzyme?

Answer 10

It causes shape change that prevents enzyme and substrate binding

Question 11

What prevents enzyme and substrates binding?

Answer 11

Noncompetitive inhibitors

Question 12

What binds to the allosteric site?

Answer 12

noncompetitive inhibitors

Question 13

What affects rate of enzyme function?

Answer 13

Substrate and enzyme concentrations

Question 14

How do products affect enzyme reactions?

Answer 14

slows

Question 15

What is the order for enzymatic reactions when concerning inhibitors?

Answer 15

Uninhibited, competitive, noncompetitive

Question 16

What is a catalysis?

Answer 16

acceleration of a chemical reaction

Question 17

How do cofactors and coenzymes affect catalytic reactions?

Answer 17

Increase function

Question 18

What are cofactors?

Answer 18

Metal ions found in active site participating in catalyst

Question 19

What are coenzymes?

Answer 19

vitamins, nonprotein organic molecule

Question 20

What is an anabolic reaction?

Answer 20

Uses energy to build molecules

Question 21

What type of reaction is anabolic?

Answer 21

Endergonic, positive energy

Question 22

What is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 22

obtains energy by breaking down molecules

Question 23

What is the relationship between catabolic reactions and the products?

Answer 23

The products have less energy, is exergonic

Question 24

What is a metabolic pathway?

Answer 24

A reaction in the membrane where enzymes are lined up, and substates bind and change accordingly for each enzyme

Question 25

What is feedback inhibition?

Answer 25

an end-product binds to an allosteric site on the first enzyme in the pathway that catalyzes the first reaction

Question 26

What does feedback inhibition do to the pathway?

Answer 26

it binds to allosteric site and shuts down the pathway

Question 27

Which enzyme came first in a metabolic pathway from an evolutionary standpoint?

Answer 27

The last enzyme in the pathway

Question 28

How does feedback inhibition affect substrates?

Answer 28

The active site is altered so no new substrates can bind to it

Question 29

What happens to the substrate to form a product?

Answer 29

It is chemically modified

Question 30

Consider the biochemical pathway below, where A, B, and C are substrates and products and E1 and E2 are the enzymes that catalyze the reactions. Enzyme 1 (E1) can utilize

A point to B produces E 1, and B points to C produces E 2.

Answer 30

A