Chapter 6 Energy and Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of macromolecules are enzymes?

A

Protein

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2
Q

What is a substrate?

A

a substance that reacts to the active site of an enzyme

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3
Q

How is a product created in an enzyme reaction?

A

enzymes bind the substrate to an active site, chemically modify the substrate, converts it to a different molecule, which is the enzyme.

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4
Q

What happens after a product is released from the active site in an enzyme reaction?

A

The active site returns to normal shape and is able to bind to other substrates

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5
Q

What is the induced fit model in relation to an enzyme?

A

When the active sight slightly changes in order to fit the substrate

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6
Q

What is an inhibitor in relation to an enzyme?

A

A substance that binds to enzyme and decreases enzyme activity

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7
Q

How does a inhibitor affect enzyme activity?

A

it decreases it

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8
Q

What is a competitive inhibitor?

A

it competes with the substrate for the active site

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9
Q

What is a non-competitive inhibitor?

A

Binds to enzyme at the allosteric site

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10
Q

How does the noncompetitive inhibitor affect the enzyme?

A

It causes shape change that prevents enzyme and substrate binding

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11
Q

What prevents enzyme and substrates binding?

A

Noncompetitive inhibitors

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12
Q

What binds to the allosteric site?

A

noncompetitive inhibitors

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13
Q

What affects rate of enzyme function?

A

Substrate and enzyme concentrations

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14
Q

How do products affect enzyme reactions?

A

slows

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15
Q

What is the order for enzymatic reactions when concerning inhibitors?

A

Uninhibited, competitive, noncompetitive

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16
Q

What is a catalysis?

A

acceleration of a chemical reaction

17
Q

How do cofactors and coenzymes affect catalytic reactions?

A

Increase function

18
Q

What are cofactors?

A

Metal ions found in active site participating in catalyst

19
Q

What are coenzymes?

A

vitamins, nonprotein organic molecule

20
Q

What is an anabolic reaction?

A

Uses energy to build molecules

21
Q

What type of reaction is anabolic?

A

Endergonic, positive energy

22
Q

What is a catabolic reaction?

A

obtains energy by breaking down molecules

23
Q

What is the relationship between catabolic reactions and the products?

A

The products have less energy, is exergonic

24
Q

What is a metabolic pathway?

A

A reaction in the membrane where enzymes are lined up, and substates bind and change accordingly for each enzyme

25
Q

What is feedback inhibition?

A

an end-product binds to an allosteric site on the first enzyme in the pathway that catalyzes the first reaction

26
Q

What does feedback inhibition do to the pathway?

A

it binds to allosteric site and shuts down the pathway

27
Q

Which enzyme came first in a metabolic pathway from an evolutionary standpoint?

A

The last enzyme in the pathway

28
Q

How does feedback inhibition affect substrates?

A

The active site is altered so no new substrates can bind to it

29
Q

What happens to the substrate to form a product?

A

It is chemically modified

30
Q

Consider the biochemical pathway below, where A, B, and C are substrates and products and E1 and E2 are the enzymes that catalyze the reactions. Enzyme 1 (E1) can utilize

A point to B produces E 1, and B points to C produces E 2.

A

A