Chapter 6 Early Midieval Western Europe

Question 0

Atilla

Answer 0

Leader of the Huns.

Question 1

Huns

Answer 1

Nomadic tribes from Mongolia. Ransacked Western Europe until they were defeated by the Franks at Chalons.

Question 2

Visigoth

Answer 2

Settles by Danube river then moved south and west. Ended in the Iberian Peninsula until 711 when Muslims defeated them.

Question 3

Vandal

Answer 3

Savage people. Went through Spain, France, North Africa, Hippo Regius (Augustine) and Rome.

Question 4

Ostrogoth

Answer 4

Peaceful tribe. Agriculture and trade.

Question 5

Lombards

Answer 5

Elbe river, then Italy, sustained culture for 2 centuries.

Question 6

Franks

Answer 6

Belgium. Created by uniting small tribes. Expanded to south and east.

Question 7

Clovis

Answer 7

Leader of the Franks. Merovingian Dynasty. United small tribes. Built army. Capital=Paris. Expanded south and east. Wiped out Roman civilization. Converted Franks to Roman Christianity, which led to an alliance between them and Rome.

Question 8

Saint Martin of Tours

Answer 8

Pagan Roman soldier. Gave a piece of his cloak to a beggar and saw a vision if Christ. Concerted to Christianity, founded a monetary, and preached the gospel.

Question 9

Saint Patrick

Answer 9

Converted Ireland to Christianity.

Question 10

Pope Gregory I

Answer 10

Greatest early Pope. Last of Church Fathers. Wanted to convert Britain.

Question 11

Church Fathers

Answer 11

Jerome, Ambrose, Augustine, Pope Gregory I

Question 12

Rule of Benedict

Answer 12

Moderate guidelines made by Benedict of Nursia, 529

Question 13

Beowulf

Answer 13

Founding epic of English nation. About a great warrior who battles Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and a dragon.

Intermingles Christian and Pagan themes.
Pagan: celebrating war heroes, loyalty to kin, leaders reward tribes generously, Pagan burials

Christian: the poet directly addresses God. Poet, not characters recognize Beowulf’s struggle between good and evil, and it’s religious implications.

Question 14

Northern German surroundings

Answer 14

Cold, rocky, wild

Question 15

Germanic tribal artwork

Answer 15

Small objects. High complexity of decoration. Weapons, shields, helmets, clasps, etc.

Question 16

Sutton Hoo

Answer 16

7 century burial mound. Site of King Raedwald, 625.

Question 17

Animal style

Answer 17

Intricate abstract patterns that take on the form of animals.

Question 18

Cloisonné technique

Answer 18

Metal frames with colorful liquid glass poured in.

Question 19

Manuscript illuminations

Answer 19

Beautiful illustrations inside religious books.

Question 20

Book of Durrow, Symbol of Saint Matthew

Answer 20

680, four gospels, illustrations, 2 dimensional, abstract, checkerboard field

Question 21

Lindisfarne Gospels, St. Matthew

Answer 21

700, greatest Irish illuminated manuscript, larger, Mediterranean influence, 3 dimensional illusionism, more natural, more emphasis on human experience.

Matthew writing in a book, someone peeking from behind the curtain, surrounding space is I decorated, which draws our attention to the figure.

Question 22

Lindisfarne, Carpet Page with a Cross

Answer 22

Cross, blue and yellow background with animals. Red and green foreground on the cross with no animals. Very intricate.

Question 23

Book of Kells, Chi-Rho Monogram Page

Answer 23

Masterpiece of Irish illuminations, island off of western Scotland, 100 years after Lindisfarne, XPI, found at the beginning of Matthew where “Christ” appears for the first time.

Question 24

Battle of Tours

Answer 24

Charles Martel, 732, defeated Muslims in Southern France. Saved Christianity.

Question 25

Carolingian Dynasty

Answer 25

Charles Martel
Pepin (his son)
Made Saracen Moors leave France, which strengthened their kingdom
Charlemagne

Question 26

Charlemagne

Answer 26

Built a huge empire, crowned Roman Emperor, official split between time and Constantinople, papal support for the West, church and state functioned independently

Question 27

Palace School

Answer 27

Charlemagne brought educated people there to teach. Directed by Alcuin of York

Question 28

Trivium and quadrivium

Answer 28

Grammar, logic, rhetoric

Arithmetic, geometry, music, astronomy

Question 29

Carolingian minuscule

Answer 29

Small case letters, originated when Charlemagne’a scribes were copying Christian and classical manuscripts so they could fit more words on a page.