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MGCR 331 > chapter 6-definitions > Flashcards

chapter 6-definitions Flashcards

1
Q

def. computer network

A

A system that connects computers and other devices via communications media so that data and information can be transmitted among them

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2
Q

def. bandwith

A

The transmission capacity of a network, stated in bits per second

ranges from narrowband (relatively low transmission capacity) to broadband (relatively high network capacity).

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3
Q

def. broadband

A

The transmission capacity of a communications medium faster than 4 Mbps.

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4
Q

various types of computer networks

A

(from smallest to largest) personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the ultimate WAN, the Interne

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5
Q

networks represent a compromis among three objective:

A

speed, distance, and cost

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6
Q

def. local area network (LAN)

A

A network that connects communications devices in a limited geographic region, such as a building, so that every user device on the network can communicate with every other device (does this with a network interface card (NIC))

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7
Q

def. file server (or network server)

A

A computer that contains various software and data files for a local area network and contains the network operating system

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8
Q

def. wide area network

A

A network, generally provided by common carriers, that covers a wide geographical area.

  • large capacity, typically combine lutiple channels
  • contain routers
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9
Q

def. router

A

A communications processor that routes messages from a LAN to the Internet, across several connected LANs, or across a wide area network such as the Internet

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10
Q

def. enterprise network

A

An organization’s network composed of interconnected multiple LANs and WANs.

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11
Q

def. backbone networks

A

High-speed central networks to which multiple smaller networks (e.g., LANs and smaller WANs) connect.

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12
Q

def. software-defined networks(SDN)

A

emerging technology that is becoming increasingly important to help organizations manage their data flows across their enterprise networks
-decisions controlling how network traffic flows across network devices are managed centrally by software

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13
Q

def. digital signals

A

A discrete pulse, either on or off, that conveys information in a binary form (so that they can be interpreted by computers)

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14
Q

def. modem

A

Device that converts signals from analogue to digital and vice versa

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15
Q

def. DSL modems

A
  • operate on the same lines as voice telephones and dial-up modems.
  • DSL modems always maintain a connection, so an Internet connection is immediately available.
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16
Q

def. communications channel

A

Pathway for communicating data from one location to another

-composed of two types of media: cable (twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, or fibre-optic cable) and broadcast (microwave, satellite, radio, or infrared)

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17
Q

def. cable media (or wireline media)

A

Communications channels that use physical wires or cables to transmit data and information.

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18
Q

def. broadcast media (or wireless media)

A

Communications channels that use electromagnetic media (the “airwaves”) to transmit data

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19
Q

def. twisted-pair wire

A

A communications medium consisting of strands of copper wire twisted together in pairs.

advantages:
Inexpensive
Widely available
Easy to work with

disadvantages:
Slow (low bandwidth)
Subject to interference
Easily tapped (low security)

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20
Q

def. coaxial cable

A

Insulated copper wire; used to carry high-speed data traffic and television signals.

Adv:
Higher bandwidth than twisted-pair
Less susceptible to electromagnetic interference

Disadv:
Relatively expensive and inflexible
Easily tapped (low to medium security)
Somewhat difficult to work with

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21
Q

def. fibre-optic cable

A

A communications medium consisting of thousands of very thin filaments of glass fibres, surrounded by cladding, that transmit information via light pulses generated by lasers.
*typically used as the backbone for a network
Adv:
Very high bandwidth
Relatively inexpensive
Difficult to tap (good security)

Disadv:
Difficult to work with (difficult to splice)

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22
Q

def. nodes of the network

A

Computing devices that are connected to the network must access and share the network to transmit and receive data

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23
Q

def. protocol

A

the set of rules and procedures governing transmission across a network.

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24
Q

def. ethernet

A

A common local area network protocol

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25
def. transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP)
A file transfer protocol that can send large files of information across sometimes unreliable networks with assurance that the data will arrive uncorrupted (protocol of the internet) 3 basic functions: 1. It manages the movement of data packets (see below) between computers by establishing a connection between the computers. 2. It sequences the transfer of packets. 3. It acknowledges the packets that have been transmitted.
26
def. internet protocol (IP)
A set of rules responsible for disassembling, delivering, and reassembling packets over the Internet
27
def. packet switching
The transmission technology that divides blocks of text into packets.
28
Why do orgs use packet-switching?
The main reason is to achieve reliable end-to-end message transmission over sometimes unreliable networks that may have short-acting or long-acting problems.
29
def. Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)
The communications standard used to transfer pages across the WWW portion of the Internet; defines how messages are formulated and transmitted --a type of application protocol
30
What are the four layers of the TCP/IP reference model
1. Application 2. Transport 3. Internet 4. Network Interface
31
def. distributed processing
Network architecture that divides processing work between two or more computers, linked together in a network
32
def. client/server computing
Form of distributed processing in which some machines (servers) perform computing functions for end-user PCs (clients).
33
def. servers
Computers that provide access to various network services, such as printing, data, and communications
34
def. clients
Computers, such as users' personal computers, that use any of the services provided by servers
35
def. peer-to-peer processing (P2P)
A type of client/server distributed processing that allows two or more computers to pool their resources, making each computer both a client and a server. 3 types: 1. accesses unused CPU power among networked computers 2. real-time, person-to-person collaboration 3. advanced search and file sharing. This category is characterized by natural language searches of millions of peer systems. It enables users to discover other users, not just data and web pages
36
def. Internet (or the Net)
A massive global WAN that connects approximately 1 million organizational computer networks in more than 200 countries on all continents -enables people to access data in other organizations and to communicate, collaborate, and exchange information seamlessly around the world, quickly and inexpensively
37
def. internet backbone
The primary network connections and telecommunications lines that link the computers and organizational nodes of the Internet
38
def. intranet
A private network that uses Internet software and TCP/IP protocols -a network that uses Internet protocols so that users can take advantage of familiar applications and work habits. Intranets support discovery (easy and inexpensive browsing and search), communication, and collaboration inside an organization.
39
def. extranet
A network that connects parts of the intranets of different organizations. -enables business partners to communicate securely over the Internet using virtual private networks (VPNs)
40
def. Internet service provider(ISP)
A company that provides Internet connections for a fee
41
def. network access points
Computers that act as exchange points for Internet traffic and determine how traffic is routed
42
other ways to connect to the internet
Dial-up :Access via a conventional telephone line DSL :Broadband access via telephone lines Cable modem: Access over your cable TV coaxial cable Satellite: Access over radio wave satellite networks Wireless: Access via Wi-Fi access point or cell phone network Fibre-to-the-home (FTTH): Broadband access via a fibre-optic cable
43
def. Internet Protocol (IP) Address
An assigned address that uniquely identifies a computer on the Interne
44
def. domain system (DNS)
The system administered by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) that assigns names to each site on the Internet
45
def. domain name
The name assigned to an Internet site, consisting of multiple parts, separated by dots, which are translated from right to left
46
types of top-level domains (TLDs)
Country-code top-level domains (ccTLD): Two-letter domains established for countries or territories. For example, de stands for Germany, it for Italy, and ru for Russia. •Internationalized country-code top-level domains (IDN ccTLD): These are ccTLDs in non-Latin character sets (e.g., Arabic or Chinese). •Generic top-level domains (gTLD): Top-level domains with three or more characters. gTLDs initially consisted of .gov, .edu, .com, .mil, .org, and .net but currently there are nearly 2,000 applications for new top-level domains including .aero, .biz, .coop, .info, .museum, .name, and .pro.
47
def. Internet2
A new, faster telecommunications network that deploys advanced network applications such as remote medical diagnosis, digital libraries, distance education, online simulation, and virtual laboratories (not a separate physical network from the internet)
48
def. World Wide Web (or the Web, WWW, or W3)
A system of universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information via a client/server architecture; it uses the transport functions of the Internet
49
def. hypertext
Text displayed on a computer display with references, called hyperlinks, to other text that the reader can immediately access.
50
def. hyperlink
A connection from a hypertext file or document to another location or file, typically activated by clicking on a highlighted word or image on the screen, or by touching the screen.
51
def.website
Collectively, all of the web pages of a particular company or individual.
52
def. uniform resource locator (URL)
The set of letters that identifies the address of a specific resource on the Web
53
def. webmaster
The person in charge of an organization's website
54
def. browsers
Software applications through which users primarily access the Web.
55
def. search engine
A computer program that searches for specific information by keywords and reports the results. indexes are updated by webcrawlers
56
def. metasearch engines
A computer program that searches several engines at once and integrates the findings of the various search engines to answer queries posted by user
57
def. portal
A web-based personalized gateway to information and knowledge that provides information from disparate information systems and the Internet, using advanced search and indexing techniques
58
def. commercial (or public) portal
A website that offers fairly routine content for diverse audiences; offers customization only at the user interface
59
def. affinity portal
A website that offers a single point of entry to an entire community of affiliated interests
60
def. corporate portal
A website that provides a single point of access to critical business information located inside and outside of an organization -also known as enterprise portals, information portals, and enterprise information portals
61
def. industrywide portal
A web-based gateway to information and knowledge for an entire industry
62
What is the largest-volume application running over the Internet?
email
63
How is effective personalized customer contact being delivered?
web-based call centres/ customer care centres
64
def. chat room
A virtual meeting place where groups of regulars come to “gab” electronically two major types: - web based (allows you to send messages to Internet users by using a web browser and visiting a web chat site) - email-based progra called Internet Relay Chat (IRC): - -A business can use IRC to interact with customers, provide online experts for answers to questions, and so on.
65
def. internet telephony(or voice over Internet protocol) (VoIP)
The use of the Internet as the transmission medium for telephone calls -your analogue voice signals are digitized, sectioned into packets, and then sent over the Internet.
66
def. unified communications (UC)
Common hardware and software platform that simplifies and integrates all forms of communications—voice, email, instant messaging, location, and video conferencing—across an organization --presence (location) services enable users to know where their intended recipients are and if they are available, in real time -unifies all forms of human and computer communications into a common user experience
67
def. telecommuting
A work arrangement whereby employees work at home, at the customer's premises, in special workplaces, or while travelling, usually using a computer linked to their place of employment --distributed workers have no permanent office at their companies
68
Advantages of telecommuting
for employees, the benefits include reduced stress and improved family life. - expanded employment opportunities for people such as single parents and persons with disabilities. - Benefits for employers include increased productivity, the ability to retain skilled employees, and the ability to attract employees who do not live within commuting distance.
69
disadvantages of telcommuting
For employees, the major disadvantages are increased feelings of isolation, possible loss of fringe benefits, lower pay (in some cases), no workplace visibility, the potential for slower promotions, and lack of socialization difficulties “training” their families to understand that they are at work even though they are physically at home. -employers: difficulties in supervising work and potential data security problems.
70
def. collaboration
Mutual efforts by two or more individuals who perform activities in order to accomplish certain tasks
71
def. workgroup
Two or more individuals who act together to perform some task, on either a permanent or a temporary basis
72
def. workflow
The movement of information as it flows through the sequence of steps that make up an organization's work procedures -workflow management makes it possible to pass documents, info, tasks from one participant to another in a way that is governed by the organization's rules or procedures
73
def. virtual group (or team)
A workgroup whose members are in different locations and who meet electronically
74
def. virtual collaboration
The use of digital technologies that enable organizations or individuals to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage, and research products, services, and innovative information systems and electronic commerce applications.
75
def. crowdsourcing
A process in which an organization outsources a task to an undefined, generally large group of people in the form of an open call Benefits: 1.crowds can explore problems—and often resolve them—at relatively low cost, and often very quickly 2.the organization can tap a wider range of talent than might be present among its employees 3.by listening to the crowd, organizations gain firsthand insight into their customers' desires 4.crowdsourcing taps into the global world of ideas, helping companies work through a rapid design process
76
def. teleconferencing
the use of electronic communication technology that enables two or more people at different locations to hold a conference
77
def. video conference
A virtual meeting in which participants in one location can see and hear participants at other locations and can share data and graphics by electronic means --latest version is called telepresence
78
def. e-learning
Learning supported by the Web; can be done inside traditional classrooms or in virtual classrooms.
79
def.distance learning (DL)
any learning situation in which teachers and students do not meet face-to-face
80
def. virtual universities
Online universities in which students take classes via the Internet at home or at an off-site location

MGCR 331 (9 decks)

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