Chapter 6 Computer Systems Flashcards
What is software?
Software consists of sequences of instruction called programs that can be understood and executed by hardware.
WHat is system software
It assists with the running or management of the computer
What is application software?
Software that enable the user to perform a task
What is the purpose of an OS?
It hides the complexity of the hardware.
What are the roles of an OS?
- Memory management
- File management
- I/O mangement
- Processor seceduling
WHat is memory management?
Controling how the RAM is used
WHat is FIle managment?
Organising the files and documents in the memory
What is I/O management
Monitors input and output devices such as keyboards, mice etc
What are utility programs?
Performing specific tasks to assist the computer, e.g. disk defragmentation, file compression and firewalls
What are library programs?
Compiled routines which other programs can use
What are translators?
Programming language translators translate all languages (e.g. Python Java, Assembly) into machine code (1s and 0s)
What are assemblers
Translates from assembly language into machine code
What are compilers?
Translates from high level language into machine code, all at once
What are interpreters?
Translates from high level language into machine code, line by line
What is object code
Compile code which can be run as an executable on any computer
What is intermediate code?
Code which is not directly executable, it will be interpreted/ ran by a Virtual Machine e.g. Bytecode
What is the state?
THe status of an algoritm
What is the transition?
The act of moving from one state to another
WHat is the evemt
SOmething that cayse a transition to occur between state
WHat is the action
The responce to an evemt before a transition
What is the state symbol
A circle
WHat is the starting state symbol
A circle with an arrow coming in from the left pointing at it
What is the accept state symbol
A circle with a smaller circle inside it
WHat is the connector symbole
An arrow leading to the next state from the original with the value required above or the value above slashed with what it will become
Would recommend looking through the chapter in the folder to see diagrams which help explain this topic!!
What is an automation
THe idea of putting our models of computatipn to solve real problems
WHat is a finite state automica
A FSM without output
Restricted to decision problems
WHat is a half adder
A lgoic circuit that adds 2 values and outputs the SUm (XOR) and the Carry (And)
What is a full adder
A logic circuit that adds 3 values together A, B and the carry, and outputs the sum and the new carry
What is a flip flop
A memory unit that can store one bi
What is an edge triggered D-type flip-flop
a memory unit that changes state with each pulse of the clokc
What is a clock
A device that generates the signal used to synchronise the components of a computer.
Look at the folder for visual examples of flip flops.
What is the purpose of a D-Type flip flop?
It is used to store the state of the data input, used as a memory unit for one bit.
What are the 2 inputs of a d-type flip flop?
The data to be retained
The clock used to update the output
What is the boolean symbol for XOR
⊕
What is the boolean symbol for AND
.
What is the boolean symbol for OR
+
What is the boolean symbol for NOT
- over the value
What does A.A equal?
A
What does A.¬A equal?
0
What does A.1 equal?
A
What does A.0 equal?
0
What dies A+A equal?
A
What dies A+¬A equal?
1
What dies A+0 equal?
A
What dies A+1 equal?
1
