Chapter 6 - Complex Patterns Of Inheritance

Question 0

Codominance Definition

Answer 0

A situation in which both alleles are fully expressed. Equally expressed in a heterozygote: both alleys are dominant. (RW)

Question 1

Incomplete dominance definition

Answer 1

A condition in which neither of the two alleles for the same gene can completely conceal the presence of the other. A heterozygous exhibits a phenotype that is somewhere between a dominant phenotype and a recessive phenotype.

Question 2

Multiple Alleles Definition

Answer 2

A gene with more than two alleles.

Question 3

Multiple Alleles Rabbit Coat Colour

Answer 3

The gene that controls coat colour in rabbits has four alleles : agouti (C), chinchilla (c ch) , Himalayan (c h ) and albino (c)

Question 4

Multiple Alleles Blood Type

Answer 4

Different combinations of the three I alleles result in four different blood types: type A, type AB, type B, type O

Question 5

Multiple Alleles Clover Leaf

Answer 5

A single gene is responsible for clover leaf pattern, thee are seven different alleles for the pattern. Varying combination of these result in 22 different patterns that can be expressed in clover leaves.
V v 1 v h v f v ba v b v by

Question 6

Sickle Cell Anemia definition

Answer 6

One of the most thoroughly studied genetic disorders. Often described as being the result of autosomal recessive

Question 7

Heterozygous Advantage definition

Answer 7

A survival benefit for individuals who inherit two different alleles for the same trait.

Question 8

Environmental Effects

Answer 8

Environmental conditions often affect the expression of traits. For example, some genes are influenced by temperature.

Question 9

Polygenic Inheritance

Continuous variation definition

Answer 9

A range of variation in one trait resulting from the activity of many genes.

Question 10

Polygons definition

Answer 10

A group of genes that all contribute to the same trait. Each dominant allele contributes to the trait. Recessive alleles do not contribute to the trait. Ex. Skin

Question 11

Mendel’s experiments definition (complete dominance)

Answer 11

Traits studied were either dominant or recessive

One dominant allele was enough to produce dominant phenotype.

Question 12

Incomplete Dominance definition

Answer 12

Method of inheritance where by the heterozygous condition produces an intermediate form between the dominant and recessive characteristics.

Question 13

Linked genes definition

Answer 13

Genes that are the same chromosome and that tend to be inherited together.

Question 14

Sex linked genes definition

Answer 14

A trait controlled by genes on the X or Y chromosome.

Question 15

Sex linked genes Examples

Answer 15

XX females XY males for mammals

XY females XX males birds,moths, and butterflies

Question 16

Sex Linked Holandric genes

Answer 16

Genes found on the non-homologous Y chromosome.

Question 17

Who discovered fruit flies have different eye colours and the traits

Answer 17

Morgan.

XRXR, XRXr, XrXr, XRY, XrY

Question 18

Sex Linked Traits

Red-green colour vision deficiency (CVD)

Answer 18

Cannot distinguish between certain shades of red and green. X linked recessive.

Question 19

Sex Linked Traits

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 19

Progressive weakening of muscles and loss of coordination. X Linked recessive

Question 20

Sex Linked Trait

Hemophilia definition

Answer 20

Cannot produce a necessary blood clotting factor. X Linked recessive

Question 21

Sex Linked Trait

Adrenoleukodystrophy Definition

Answer 21

A build-up of fatty acids that causes progressive brain damage and death . X linked recessive

Question 22

Sex Linked Trait

X Linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Answer 22

Decreased immune response due to low white blood cell count. X Linked Recessive

Question 23

Sex Linked Trait

X Linked hypophosphatemia definition

Answer 23

Softening of bone, which leads to bone deformity. X Linked Dominant

Question 24

Sex Linked Trait

Hairy Ears definition

Answer 24

Hair grows on the outside of the ears. Y Linked

Question 25

Barr Body definition

Answer 25

In every female cell, one of the X chromosome is inactive. The inactive X chromosome is condensed tightly into a structure known as a Barr body. And affects the gender.

Question 26

Human Genome Project definition

Answer 26

Determines the DNA sequences of other organisms. Allows scientists to make comparisons between species and learn even more about important features of genomes.

Question 27

What is Our Genome?

Answer 27

Only about 2 percent of the nucleotides in the human genome make up our genes and code for all the proteins in the body.
The estimated 25,000 total number of genes is much less than scientists predicted. Previous estimates were between 80,000 and 140,000.
Over 50 percent of our DNA consists of streches of repeating sequences.
There is very little genetic variation within our species. About 99.9 percent of the DNA sequence is almost exactly the same in all people.