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GCSE OCR Computer Science > Chapter 6 - Comouter Communication > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Comouter Communication Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a node?

A

A device on a network

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2
Q

What is LAN?

A

Local area network
Confined to one site
Connected and maintained by an organisation

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3
Q

What is a WAN?

A

Wide area network which covers a large geographical area
They often connect LANs together
They allow a business to function from any location

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4
Q

What are cables used for?

A

To connect different devices in LANs

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5
Q

Two different types of wires?

A

Copper cable/UTP: light and flexible, easy to install

Fibre optic cable: for longer distances, transmits signals using waves, cheaper

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6
Q

What is a hub?

A

Hardware devices which connect many network devices together making them into a network segment.

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7
Q

What are switches?

A

They connect network segments or devices

They also act as bridges, which connect more than one network - allowing them to function as one network

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8
Q

Difference between Hun and switches?

A

A switch only transmits a message to the device intended instead of all connections.
Hubs have a number of input and output ports which are all connected, a signal arriving from one is transmitted to all others

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9
Q

What is an NIC?

A 
Network interface card
Generates and receives suitable electrical signals 
Carries out simple addressing
Built into the motherboard
Acts as a LAN adapter
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10
Q

What is a MAC address?

A

Every NIC has a unique number stored in ROM, this is called its MAC address
MAC addresses allow each node on a network to be identified

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11
Q

What is a wireless access point?

A

They allow connection to a LAN without the need for physical cables using standards such as WiFi.

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12
Q

What are access points often connected to?

A

A router

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13
Q

Pros of access points

A

Save money and effort because new bodes can be added without the need for more cables

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14
Q

How are Security risks of access points dealt with?

A

Encryption
Hiding their broadcast identities
Allowing access to only certain MAC addresses

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15
Q

What is a router?

A

Receives day in the form of packets and forwards them to their destination which is often another router
Used to direct traffic in the internet but also to connect small individual computers to the Internet service provider

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16
Q

Advantages of LANs?

A

Central data storage makes data sharing possible and convenient and makes backups easier
Computers in LAN are easily upgraded or reconfigured centrally
Security policies are centrally administered

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17
Q

What is a client server network?

A

One server(computer set up to handle network functions) produces services to many client machines where the users work.

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18
Q

What is a peer to peer network?

A

All computers are equal

Each computer serves the needs of the user as well as carrying out networking functions

19
Q

What is a topology?

A

Layout of network components

20
Q

What is a bus topology?

A

Computers and other devices are attached to a back bone. A terminator is attached at each end to prevent reflection of signals, signals travel in either direction.

21
Q

Pros of bus

A

Easy to set up

Cheap

22
Q

Cons of bus

A

Problem with backbone can bring the whole network down

Many data collisions slow the network down

23
Q

What is a star topology?

A

Client machines are connected to a central switch which is usually in turn connected to one or more servers. Signals travel in either directions

24
Q

Pros of star?

A

Robust - problem with a connection do not affect the whole network
Fewer data collisions so faster than bus

25
Q

Cons of star?

A

Needs more expertise to maintain

Can be expensive to set up because more building work involved

26
Q

What is a ring topology?

A

Data passes through each node, carried in data units called tokens.
Traffic is one way

27
Q

Pros of ring?

A

Very fast, no collisions

28
Q

Cons of ring?

A

Problems with backbone can bring whole network down

Data passes through every node, network is vulnerable to malfunctions

29
Q

What is an IP address?

A

Is an address that a data packet in a network is sent sent to. Each computer on a network has an IP address
Consists of a 32 bit number

30
Q

What is a packet?

A

A collection of data forming part of a message. A packet is constructed by the appropriate protocol.

31
Q

What are protocols?

A

A set of rules that covers data communication eg. TCP/IP, DNS

32
Q

Why is the Internet?

A

A worldwide connection of computer networks

33
Q

What is need to connect to the Internet?

A

Modem

Router

34
Q

What is a modem?

A

A modem converts analogue signals into digital signals (used by computers) and allows connection to the Internet on the POTS

35
Q

How does the Internet make use of IP addresses?

A

Intended uses IP addresses to idnetify connected resources

36
Q

What is DNS?

A

Domain name system is a protocol
Which connects IP addresses which are hard to remember because they are numbers, to user-friendly names which are memorable

37
Q

What does JpG store and how is it compressed?

A

Storing still images

Lossy compression

38
Q

What does giF store and how is it compressed?

A

Bitmapped images

Lossless compression

39
Q

What is the use of PDF?

A

Representing documents I the same way no matter what software is being used to display them

40
Q

What does MP3 store?

A

Digital audio

Lossy compression

41
Q

What does MPEG store and how is it compressed?

A

Videos as movie films

Lossy compression

42
Q

Why is it important to compress files

A

Save storage space on media

Reduces transmission times in a network

43
Q

What is Lossless compression?

A

Lossless compression doe not store repeated detail
It allows the original file to be reconstructed exactly
No data is lost

44
Q

What is lossy compression?

A

Removes data from a file
Data which is removed cannot be recovered
Removes least important detail

GCSE OCR Computer Science (7 decks)

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