Chapter 6: Civil Rights

Question 1

Separate-but-equal doctrine

Answer 1

The doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that African Americans could constitutionally be kept in separate but equal facilities.

Question 2

Suspect classification

Answer 2

Classifications of people based on their race or ethnicity; laws so classifying people are subject to “strict scrutiny.”

Question 3

Strict scrutiny

Answer 3

The standard by which “suspect classifications” are judged. To be upheld, such a classification must be related to a “compelling government interest,” be “narrowly tailored” to achieve that interest, and use the “least restrictive means” available.

Question 4

De jure segregation

Answer 4

Racial segregation that is required by law.

Question 5

De facto segregation

Answer 5

Racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement.

Question 6

Civil disobedience

Answer 6

Opposing a law one considers unjust by peacefully disobeying it and accepting the resultant punishment.

Question 7

Police powers

Answer 7

State power to effect laws promoting health, safety, and morals.

Question 8

Equality of results

Answer 8

Making certain that people achieve the same result.

Question 9

Affirmative action

Answer 9

Laws or administrative regulations that require a business firm, government agency, labor union, school, college, or other organization to take positive steps to increase the number of African Americans, other minorities, or women in its membership.

Question 10

Reverse discrimination

Answer 10

Using race or sex to give preferential treatment to some people.

Question 11

Equality of opportunity

Answer 11

Giving people an equal chance to succeed.

Question 12

Civil Rights

Answer 12

The rights of people to be treated without unreasonable or unconstitutional differences.