Chapter 6 Chemistry Flashcards
Serum
Obtained from a clotted blood specimen
Plasma
Pale yellow, sticky fluid *90% is water
Glucose
Simple six carbon sugar that all cells and tissues require
Homeostatic range for blood glucose levels
70-100 mg/dL
Glycogen
Stored glucose
Insulin
Hormone from pancreas to move glucose from blood into body *lowers blood level back
Glucagon
Hormone from pancreas that elevates blood glucose back to a normal level and prevent hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high blood sugar level
Hypoglycemia
Abnormally low blood sugar levels
Random glucose test
Taken randomly without fasting; collected anytime
FBG fasting blood glucose
Should be less than 100 mg/dL
OGTT or 2 hour postprandial test
*drinking orange drink
Hgb A1c
Glycosalated hemoglobin glucose levels over 3 months, (specific for diabetes)
Hgb A1c levels
6.5% or higher
Endogenous cholesterol
Manufactured in the liver
Exogenous cholesterol
Comes from what we eat
HDL
High density lipoproteins “Healthy” due to plaque removal
LDL
Low density lipoproteins “bad” when high they form a fatty plaque on arterial walls
Hgb A1c tube color
Lavender top tube
Tc/HDL ratio
Total cholesterol compared with HDL in the form of a ratio, determines cardiac risk, greater than 4.5
Triglycerides
Lipids don’t mix with H20 in plasma, direct results
Desirable cholesterol levels
Under 200 mg/dL
CAD
Coronary Artery Disease- may lead to MI * concern for elevated lipids
FOBT
Fecal occult blood test- A simple inexpensive test to detect blood that may be hidden or not visable to the naked eye
Occult
Hidden blood
iFOBT
More sensitive fecal occult for human feces
