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Honors Chemistry > Chapter 6 - Chemical Reactions: An Introduction > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Chemical Reactions: An Introduction Flashcards

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0
Q

Grape juice ferments…

A

In the production of wives

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1
Q

Water is decomposed to…

A

Hydrogen and oxygen gas by an electric current

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2
Q

Bombardier beetle concocts…

A

A toxic spray to shoot at its enemies

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3
Q

Chemical reactions are the…

A

Heart and soul of chemistry

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4
Q

Chemical reactions often give…

A

A visual signal

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5
Q

Steel changes from a smooth, shiny material to a…

A

Reddish brown, flaky substance when it rusts

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6
Q

Hair changes color when…

A

It’s bleached

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7
Q

Solid nylon is formed when…

A

Two particular liquid solutions are brought into contact

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8
Q

A blue flame appears when…

A

Natural gas reacts with oxygen

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9
Q

Visual clues of chemical reactions are:

A

A color changes
A solid forms
Bubbles are produced
A flame occurs

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10
Q

Reactions are not always…

A

Visible

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11
Q

Sometimes the only signal that a reaction is occurring is a…

A

Change in temperature as heat is produced or absorbed

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12
Q

Chemists have learned that a chemical change always involves a…

A

rearrangement of the ways in which the atoms are grouped

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13
Q

when the methane in natural gas combines with oxygen in the air and burns…

A

carbon dioxide and water are formed

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14
Q

We represent a chemical reaction by writing a…

A

chemical equation

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15
Q

chemicals present before the reaction are called

A

the reactants - are shown to the left of an arrow

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16
Q

the chemicals formed by an reaction are called…

A

the products - shown to the right of an arrow

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17
Q

arrow indicates…

A

the direction of the change and is read as “yields” or “produces”

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18
Q

the products contain the…

A

same atoms as the reactants but that the atoms are associated in different ways

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19
Q

chemical reaction involves…

A

changing the ways the atoms are grouped

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20
Q

It is important to recognize that in a chemical reaction…

A

atoms are neither created nor destroyed

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21
Q

all atoms present in the reactants must be…

A

accounted for among the products

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22
Q

there must be the same number of…

A

each type of atom on the product side as on the reactant side of the arrow

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23
Q

making sure that the equation for a reaction obeys this rule is called…

A

balancing the chemical equation for a reaction

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24
Q

a reaction is only a…

A

rearrangement of the way the atoms are grouped

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25
Q

atoms are not…

A

created or destroyed

26
Q

the total number of each type of atom must be…

A

the same on both sides of the arrow

27
Q

balanced equation shows…

A

the actual numbers of molecules involved in this reaction

28
Q

when we write the balanced equation for a reaction…

A

we group like molecules together

29
Q

the chemical equation for a reaction provides us with two important types of information

A
  1. the identities of the reactants and products

2. the relative numbers of each

30
Q

besides specifying the compounds involved in the reaction, we often indicate in the equation the…

A

physical states of the reactants and products by using the following symbols

31
Q

solid

A

(s)

32
Q

liquid

A

(l)

33
Q

gas

A

(g)

34
Q

dissolved in water (in aqueous solution)

A

(aq)

35
Q

an unbalanced equation is not an…

A

accurate representation of the reaction that occurs

36
Q

whenever you see an equation for a reaction…

A

you should ask yourself whether it is balanced

37
Q

the principle that lies at the heart of the balancing process is that…

A

atoms are conserved in a chemical reaction

38
Q

atoms are just grouped…

A

together differently

39
Q

the same number of each type of atom is found…

A

among the reactants and among the products

40
Q

chemists determine the identity of the…

A

reactants and products of a reaction by experimental observation

41
Q

when methane (natural gas) is burned in the presence of sufficient oxygen gas, the products are always…

A

carbon dioxide and water

42
Q

the identities (formulas) of the compounds must never be…

A

changed in balancing a chemical equation

43
Q

the subscripts in a formula cannot be…

A

changed, nor can atoms be added to or subtracted from a formula

44
Q

most chemical equations can be balanced by…

A

trial and error-that’s by inspection

45
Q

keep trying until you find the numbers of reactants and products that give…

A

the same number of each type of atom on both sides of the arrow

46
Q

we cannot change the…

A

formulas of the reactants or products

47
Q

we must balance the equation by adding more…

A

molecules of reactants and/or products

48
Q

balanced equation

A

same numbers of atoms represented on both sides of the arrow

49
Q

we can multiply or divide all parts of the original balanced equation by…

A

any number to give a new balanced equation

50
Q

each chemical reaction has…

A

many possible balanced equations

51
Q

the accepted convention is that the “best” balanced equation is the…

A

one with the smallest integers (whole numbers)

52
Q

integers are called the…

A

coefficients for the balanced equation

53
Q

the first step in obtaining the balanced equation for a reaction is always…

A

to identify the reactants and products from the description given for the reaction

54
Q

when one molecule in an equation is more complicated (contains more elements) than the others…

A

it is best to start with that molecule

55
Q

we cannot change the formula of any…

A

reactant or product when we balance an equation

56
Q

we can only place coefficients in…

A

front of the formulas

57
Q

coefficients should be the smallest integers that give…

A

a balanced equation

58
Q

the process of writing and balancing the equation for a chemical reaction consists of…

A

several steps

59
Q

step 1

A

Read the description of the chemical reaction. What are the reactants, the products, and their states? Write the appropriate formulas.

60
Q

step 2

A

Write the unbalanced equation that summarizes the information from step 1

61
Q

step 3

A

Balance the equation by inspection, starting with the most complicated molecule. Proceed element by element to determine what coefficients are necessary so that the same number of each type of atom appears on both the reactant side and the product. Do not change the identities (formulas) of any of the reactants or products.

62
Q

step 4

A

Check to see that the coefficients used to give the same number of each type of atom on both sides of the arrow. (Note that an “atom” may be present in an element, a compound, or an ion.) Also check to see that the coefficients used are the smallest integers that give the balanced equation. This can be done by determining whether all coefficients can be divided by the same integer to give a set of smaller integer coefficients.

Honors Chemistry (1 decks)

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