Chapter 6 Cells test

Question 1

Invented a simple microscope viewed oak bark and called what he saw cellulae (Latin for small room) recorded his findings in a book called Micrographia

Answer 1

Hooke

Question 2

Read Hooke’s book and viewed water drops and discovered animicules (tiny animals)

Answer 2

Leeuwenhoek

Question 3

2 lenses and light to magnify 1,000x

Can view live specimens

Answer 3

Compound light microscope

Question 4

Magnets and electrons to magnify 500,000x

Can only view dead specimens

Answer 4

Electron Microscope

Question 5

Smallest unit of matter that can carry all of the processes of life

Answer 5

Cell

Question 6

The combined works of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow

Answer 6

The cell theory

Question 7

What are the three cell theories?

Answer 7

1. All living things are made up of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism
3. New cells only come from précis ting cells by receiving the genetic material from the parent cell

Question 8

A semifluid matrix

Answer 8

Cytoplasm

Question 9

A phospholipid bilayer

Answer 9

Plasma membrane

Question 10

In a nucleus

Answer 10

Genetic material

Question 11

Cell membrane
Ribosome
Simple, no specialized internal structures
No nucleus

Answer 11

Prokaryote

Question 12

Made the first compound microscope by placing 2 lenses in a tube in 1590

Answer 12

Jansen brothers

Question 13

Cell membrane
Ribosome
Specialized-internal structures: organelles
Nucleus

Answer 13

Eukaryote

Question 14

Flexible boundary that regulates the flow of materials into an out of the cell

Answer 14

Cell membrane

Question 15

Rigid barrier that surrounds the cell membrane PLANT CELLS ONLY

Answer 15

Cell wall

Question 16

Everything between membrane and nucleus: cytosol (matrix goo)+ organelles

Answer 16

Cytoplasm

Question 17

Small transporting compartment

Answer 17

Vesicule

Question 18

Digest old cell parts; cleans up debris

Answer 18

Lysosomes

Question 19

Storage compartment; plants have a large central vacuole that stores water

Answer 19

Vacuole

Question 20

Microtubule processing center

Answer 20

Centrosome

Question 21

Come in pairs; role in cell division ANIMAL CELLS ONLY

Answer 21

Centriole

Question 22

Control center of the cell; contains coded instructions (DNA) for protein production

Answer 22

Nucleus

Question 23

Double membrane with pores to allow RNA to leave

Answer 23

Nuclear envelope

Question 24

Codes for traits

Answer 24

Chromosomes/chromatin

Question 25

Folded membrane system that makes and transports substances

Answer 25

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 26

Studded with ribosomes; makes proteins

Answer 26

Rough ER

Question 27

Makes lipids; detox

Answer 27

Smooth ER

Question 28

Makes proteins

Answer 28

Ribosomes

Question 29

Attached to ER, makes proteins for export

Answer 29

Bound ribosomes

Question 30

In cytosol, makes proteins to be used by the cell itself

Answer 30

Free ribosomes

Question 31

Contain chlorophyll; site of photosynthesis PLANT CELL ONLY

Answer 31

Chloroplasts

Question 32

Hydrolyzes glucose to release energy

Answer 32

Mitochondria

Question 33

Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins

Answer 33

Golgi apparatus

Question 34

Tiny, hairlike structures that "sweep" particles, and aid in movement

Answer 34

Cilia

Question 35

Whip-like structures that aid in cell movement

Answer 35

Flagella

Question 36

Network of fibers for: support, establishing cell shape, providing mechanical strength, locomotion, intercellular transport of organelles

Answer 36

Cytoskeleton

Question 37

Boundary of the cell; separates the fluid inside the cell from outside the cell MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS

Answer 37

Cell membrane

Question 38

Not rigid flexible | Made of many different types of molecules

Answer 38

Fluid mosaic model

Question 39

Non-polar fatty acid chains between polar phosphate molecules

Answer 39

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 40

Protein molecules embedded in the phospholipids bilayer Transport proteins Receptor proteins Anchor proteins

Answer 40

Membrane proteins

Question 41

Identifies the call as "self" otherwise cell would be destroyed by immune system

Answer 41

Carbohydrate ID tags

Question 42

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

Answer 42

Selectively permeable- regulates substances that come in and out Provides support-strong fibers Protection- maintains integrity Cell to cell communication- prevents autoimmune disease

Question 43

Requires no cellular energy, relies on the physical law of Brownian motion

Answer 43

Passive transport

Question 44

Random and constant motion of matter causing the particles to collide an move away from eachother. Bouncing off one another spreading to areas where there is more room

Answer 44

Brownian Motion

Question 45

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Answer 45

Diffusion

Question 46

Large or polar molecules that don't dissolve in lipids that use channel proteins to get in or out

Answer 46

Facilitated diffusion

Question 47

Movement of water across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration

Answer 47

Osmosis

Question 48

Fluid surrounding the cell has a lower concentration of particles than the fluid inside the cell

Answer 48

Hypotonic

Question 49

Fluid surrounding the cell has the same concentration of particles as the fluid inside of the cell

Answer 49

Isotonic

Question 50

Fluid surrounding the cell ha a higher concentration of particles than the fluid inside the cell

Answer 50

Hypertonic

Question 51

Particles moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Answer 51

Active transport

Question 52

Movement of large molecules in and ou of the cell

Answer 52

Bulk transport

Question 53

Cell engulfs materials and takes them in

Answer 53

Endocytosis

Question 54

Cell releases materials

Answer 54

Extocytosis