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Biology > Chapter 6 Cells test > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Cells test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Invented a simple microscope viewed oak bark and called what he saw cellulae (Latin for small room) recorded his findings in a book called Micrographia

A

Hooke

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2
Q

Read Hooke’s book and viewed water drops and discovered animicules (tiny animals)

A

Leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

2 lenses and light to magnify 1,000x

Can view live specimens

A

Compound light microscope

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4
Q

Magnets and electrons to magnify 500,000x

Can only view dead specimens

A

Electron Microscope

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5
Q

Smallest unit of matter that can carry all of the processes of life

A

Cell

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6
Q

The combined works of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow

A

The cell theory

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7
Q

What are the three cell theories?

A
  1. All living things are made up of cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism
  3. New cells only come from précis ting cells by receiving the genetic material from the parent cell
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8
Q

A semifluid matrix

A

Cytoplasm

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9
Q

A phospholipid bilayer

A

Plasma membrane

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10
Q

In a nucleus

A

Genetic material

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11
Q

Cell membrane
Ribosome
Simple, no specialized internal structures
No nucleus

A

Prokaryote

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12
Q

Made the first compound microscope by placing 2 lenses in a tube in 1590

A

Jansen brothers

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13
Q

Cell membrane
Ribosome
Specialized-internal structures: organelles
Nucleus

A

Eukaryote

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14
Q

Flexible boundary that regulates the flow of materials into an out of the cell

A

Cell membrane

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15
Q

Rigid barrier that surrounds the cell membrane PLANT CELLS ONLY

A

Cell wall

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16
Q

Everything between membrane and nucleus: cytosol (matrix goo)+ organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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17
Q

Small transporting compartment

A

Vesicule

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18
Q

Digest old cell parts; cleans up debris

A

Lysosomes

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19
Q

Storage compartment; plants have a large central vacuole that stores water

A

Vacuole

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20
Q

Microtubule processing center

A

Centrosome

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21
Q

Come in pairs; role in cell division ANIMAL CELLS ONLY

A

Centriole

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22
Q

Control center of the cell; contains coded instructions (DNA) for protein production

A

Nucleus

23
Q

Double membrane with pores to allow RNA to leave

A

Nuclear envelope

24
Q

Codes for traits

A

Chromosomes/chromatin

25
Q

Folded membrane system that makes and transports substances

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

26
Q

Studded with ribosomes; makes proteins

A

Rough ER

27
Q

Makes lipids; detox

A

Smooth ER

28
Q

Makes proteins

A

Ribosomes

29
Q

Attached to ER, makes proteins for export

A

Bound ribosomes

30
Q

In cytosol, makes proteins to be used by the cell itself

A

Free ribosomes

31
Q

Contain chlorophyll; site of photosynthesis PLANT CELL ONLY

A

Chloroplasts

32
Q

Hydrolyzes glucose to release energy

A

Mitochondria

33
Q

Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

34
Q

Tiny, hairlike structures that “sweep” particles, and aid in movement

A

Cilia

35
Q

Whip-like structures that aid in cell movement

A

Flagella

36
Q

Network of fibers for: support, establishing cell shape, providing mechanical strength, locomotion, intercellular transport of organelles

A

Cytoskeleton

37
Q

Boundary of the cell; separates the fluid inside the cell from outside the cell MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS

A

Cell membrane

38
Q

Not rigid flexible

Made of many different types of molecules

A

Fluid mosaic model

39
Q

Non-polar fatty acid chains between polar phosphate molecules

A

Phospholipid bilayer

40
Q

Protein molecules embedded in the phospholipids bilayer
Transport proteins
Receptor proteins
Anchor proteins

A

Membrane proteins

41
Q

Identifies the call as “self” otherwise cell would be destroyed by immune system

A

Carbohydrate ID tags

42
Q

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

A

Selectively permeable- regulates substances that come in and out
Provides support-strong fibers
Protection- maintains integrity
Cell to cell communication- prevents autoimmune disease

43
Q

Requires no cellular energy, relies on the physical law of Brownian motion

A

Passive transport

44
Q

Random and constant motion of matter causing the particles to collide an move away from eachother. Bouncing off one another spreading to areas where there is more room

A

Brownian Motion

45
Q

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

A

Diffusion

46
Q

Large or polar molecules that don’t dissolve in lipids that use channel proteins to get in or out

A

Facilitated diffusion

47
Q

Movement of water across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration

A

Osmosis

48
Q

Fluid surrounding the cell has a lower concentration of particles than the fluid inside the cell

A

Hypotonic

49
Q

Fluid surrounding the cell has the same concentration of particles as the fluid inside of the cell

A

Isotonic

50
Q

Fluid surrounding the cell ha a higher concentration of particles than the fluid inside the cell

A

Hypertonic

51
Q

Particles moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

A

Active transport

52
Q

Movement of large molecules in and ou of the cell

A

Bulk transport

53
Q

Cell engulfs materials and takes them in

A

Endocytosis

54
Q

Cell releases materials

A

Extocytosis

Biology (5 decks)

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