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anatomy > chapter 6: bone structure and functions > Flashcards

chapter 6: bone structure and functions Flashcards

0
Q

short bones

A

almost equal in length and width. somewhat cube shaped. ex:wrist and ankle

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1
Q

long bones

A

longer than they are wide. ex: femor, humorous,& phalanges

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2
Q

flat bones

A

thin and flat. offer protection and considerable surface for muscle attachment. ex: cranial bones, ribs,sternum, and scapula

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3
Q

irregular bones

A

complex or unusual shapes and include vertebrae and some facial bones

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4
Q

epiphyses

A

enlarged proximal and distal ends of long bones

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5
Q

diaphysis

A

middle shaft area. main portion of bone

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6
Q

metaphyses

A

areas in adult bone where the epiphyses and diaphysis join

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7
Q

articular cartilage

A

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphyseal ends at an articulation point with another bone

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7
Q

periosteum

A

tough, dense irregular connective tissue on the outer surface of the bone

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8
Q

medullary cavity

A

space within the diaphysis; contains the fatty yellow bone marrow in adults

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9
Q

endosteum

A

thin membrane lining of the medullary canal which contains osteoblasts(bone forming cell)

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10
Q

four types of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular

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11
Q

types of cells found in bone tissue Include..

A

osteoblasts, osteocytes, & osteoclasts

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12
Q

osteoblasts

A

build bone

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13
Q

osteoclasts

A

break down and remodel bone

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14
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells which maintain bone

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15
Q

types of connective tissue involved in skeletal system include…

A

cartilage, dense connective tissue, and osseous tissue

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16
Q

the structural units of spongy/cancellous bone are…

A

trabeculae: an irregular latticework of thin columns of bone.

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17
Q

compact bone tissue is..

A

very dense and forms the external layer of all bones

18
Q

compact bone tissue provides..

A

protection and support and aids in the stress of weight bearing

19
Q

nutrient vessels

A

penetrate compact bone through perforating canals and are connected to those of the central canals

20
Q

central canals

A

rub lengthwise and are surrounded by the concentric lamellae

21
Q

lamellae

A

contain small spaces called lacunae which contain the osteocytes

22
Q

spongy bone tissue

A

doesn’t contain true osteons. composed of irregular latticework of the played of bones called trabeculae

23
Q

bone formation

A

behind with osteogenic cells. arise from mesenchymal connective tissue

24
Q

osteogenic cells

A

give rise to osteoblasts

25
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

cartilage that exists between the epiphysis and diaphysis. permits growth of bones in length until adulthood

26
Q

mechanical stresses

A

result from the pull of skeletal muscles and the pull of gravity

27
Q

adult human skeleton

A

consists of 206 bones in two principal divisions

28
Q

axial skeleton

A

composed of 80 bones

29
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

consists of 126 bones

30
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

produce mucus and serve as resonating & air warming chambers

31
Q

name the facials

A 
front-1
parietal-2
occipital-1
temporal-2
sphenoid-1
ethmoid-1
32
Q

name the sutures

A

coronal
sagittal
lambdoidal
squamous

33
Q

what is the hyoid bone

A

does not articulate with any other bone in the body. acts as attachment sites for several muscles

34
Q

how many bones are in the vertebral column?

A

26 bones, 5 regions

35
Q

what is he sternum?

A

composed of three parts; the manubrium, body. and the xiphoid process

36
Q

true ribs

A

first seven pairs of ribs

37
Q

false ribs

A

remaining 5 pairs of ribs

38
Q

pelvic girdle

A

two hip bones. provides a strong and stable support for the lower extremities on which the weight of the body is carried

39
Q

how many bones are composed in the lower extremities?

A

30 bones (60 in total)

40
Q

what minerals are responsible for making bones hard?

A

calcium and phosphorus

41
Q

what is the soft spot on a babies head?

A

fontanels

42
Q

what bone is the mastoid process in

A

temporal

43
Q

where would you find the spinous process

A

in the vetebrae

anatomy (2 decks)

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