Chapter 6: Birth Injuries and neoplasms Flashcards
Newborn presents with swelling of the scalp after vaginal delviery that rapidly disappears..
Caput succedaneum - edema of the scalp.
A few hours after birth, a neonate presents with cranial swelling. Imaging shows a linear fracture of the underlying bone.
Cephalohematoma - subperiosteal hemorrhage of a single cranial bone.
Most resolve no problems.
A child delivered with vaginal delivery using forceps dies sever hours after birth. An occipital bone fracture is discovered.
Skull fracture. Linear is usually no problem.
Depressed: Due to trauma or forceps - occipital can extend through venous sinuses and produce fatal hemorrhage.
A newborn who suffered an event of asphyxia during delivery dies hours after birth. New blood is found in the brain.
Intracranial hemorrhage.
Asphyxia or underlying bleeding diathesis.
- Significant cephalopelvic disproportion
- Precipitous delivery
- Breech presentation
- Prolonged labor or inappropriate use of forceps
Subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Newborn is delivered with paralysis of one arm.
Brachial palsy - excessive traction on the head and neck or shoulders during delivery.
Functionr eturns of palsy from edema/hemorrhage.
Newborn is delivered with brachial palsy and difficulty breathing. The condition spontaneously resolves within a few months.
Phrenic nerve paralysis. May be associated with a brachial palsy.
A newborn is delivered with one side of the face flaccid.
Facial nerve palsy - injury to seventh nerve during labor/delivery, especially with forceps.
Newborn presents with an enlarged abdomen and anemia.
Rupture of the liver - lacerated during labor and delivery. Mechanical pressure causes.
What are some risk factors for SIDS?
Winter months, upper respiratory tract infection within 4 weeks. Prone or on side sleeping position.
Low SES, black/native american parentage. Young mother. Cigarette/alcohol use. Illicit drugs, parity.
Channelopathies with cardiac conduction syndromes. Long QT, ventricular tachycardia. Abnormal brain function. Arcuate nucleus hypoplasia.
Most cancers in adults result from…
Epithelial origin (lung, breast, GI tract)
Most malignant tumors in children arise from…
Hematopoietic, nervous and soft tissues.
A focal benign overgrowth of one or more mature cellular elements of a normal tissue, often arranged irregularly.
Hamartoma
Tiny aggregates of normal tissue components in aberrant locations. Not true tumors.
Choristomas
Port wine stain, dark purple colors. Overgrowth of endothelial vascular tissue.
Hemangioma. Usually regress spontaneously.
Cystic hygromas. Poorly circumscribed swellings on head/neck… mediastinum or buttocks.
Lymphangiomas. Do not regress spontaneously.
