Chapter 6: Attempts To Establish A Constitutional Monarchy Flashcards
New details of law
Single legal system (rather than old disorganisation)
New system of law courts
Punishments restricted
Gioitene for everyone
Judges + magistrates elected
Criminal cases tried infront of jury
Opposition to new law and why
Nobles - used to have the power within the legal system
What was new about finance and economy?
Many taxes restricted or abolished
Free trade of grain
Le Chapilier Law (trades unions + strikes illegal)
Church property sold (25% of all french land)
Nobles who fled property sold (emigrés)
Assignats: new currency bc of inflation
Opposition to new finance and economy, and why?
Urban workers - less worker rights
Church - loose independence + land
Nobles - lost property + restricted movement
Bourgeoisie - new currency harms them
Who opposed new national politics, and why?
Peasants + urban workers - poor
King - less power
How was local government divided and run?
83 départemonts
Divided more equally
Run by elected councils (active citizens)
Who opposed new local government and why?
Nobles - were previously in charge
What was new about national politics?
Constitutional monarchy (king and elected assembly)
King has 4 year veto on new law (shows NCA didn’t want rid of monarchy)
Voting restrictions to active citizens (not passive)
Pay to stand off office, more for deputies
What was new about religion?
Clergy elected (civil constitution of the clergy)
Church reorganised
Protestants + Jews have more civil rights
When was the constitution presented to the king?
When did he agree to it?
August 1789
September 1791
Why did the NCA dissolve itself?
What replaced it?
Who did this consist of?
AIM to create a constitution achieved
Legislative Assembly
Many NCA members re-elected by active citizens
Pros of new constitution for clergy
Progressive forms of punishment
Cons of new constitution for clergy
Payed by gov, so gov officials
Equal taxes (less taxes to the church)
83 instead of 135 bishops (for each departemént, lost jobs)
Church property sold
Pros of new constitution for aristocracy
Could run for office
Progressive forms of punishment
Cons of new constitution for clergy
Emegre property sold
Pros of new constitution for Bourgeoisie
Can vote
Limited workers rights - they are the employers, profits increase)
Could run for office
Guillotine for everyone
Progressive forms of punishments
Pros of new constitution for urban workers or sans culottes
More equal taxes
Free trade of grain (rely on crops form outside urban areas)
Guillotine for everyone
Progressive forms of punishment
Cons of new constitution for Bourgeoisie
Still can’t vote
Still can’t get high rank jobs due to lack of education
Who I thought the rev hadn’t gone far enough, why?
Minority of deputies (Bourgeoisie) including Robespierre + Danton
Criticised active and passive citizens diff
Questioned if king could ever reconcile with rev
Support base for the rev not going far enough
Backed by poorer sections of urban society (sans culottes)
Often not active citizens
Resented ‘free-market’ economies
Who I thought the rev had gone just far enough, why?
Most of Constituent Assembly (known as patriots)
Principle spokesmen: Lafayette + Mirabeau
Supported const and rev
Worried about violence in Paris caused by rev
Support base for the rev going just far enough
Paris national guard (excluded poorer people as had to but uniforms)
Who thought the rev had gone too far, why?
Noble reps in estates-general who refused to join tennis court oath (noires)
Some fled abroad
Some kept quiet at their country estates
Support base for the rev going too far
Increasing support + nos from peasantry
Catholics disturbing their traditional way of life
What was the purpose of the Civil Constitution of the Clery?
Complete the destruction of monastic orders (monks, nuns)
Who supported/opposed the Covid Constitution of the Clergy?
Figures within church (surprisingly):
Priest and parliamentarian Daunou
Rev priest Grégoire
Louis opposed, ultimately acquiesced
What happened prior to the Civil Constitution relating to the church?
•Aug 4, 1789, tithes abolished
•Nov 2, 1789, Catholic Church property nationalised
•Feb 13, 1790, monastic vows forbidden, ecclesiastical orders + congregations (charities) dissolved, except schools and nursings for sick
•Apr 19, 1790, remaining church property transferred to state
Motivation of the Civil Constitution
Church land = 10-15%
Church collected tithes
Resentment for church: atheism, anticlericalism, anti-Catholicism
Viewed as retrograde force (backwards)
When was the Civil Constitution passed?
Significance of the date
July 12, 1790
2 days before Bastille day: officiated in ‘altar of the rev’ on the Champ-de-Mars (massacre), calling down God’s blessing on the rev
What changes did the Civil Constitution make?
•83 bishops for each departement (135)
•Bishops + priests elected locally, loyalty oath to court
•Electors didn’t have to be Catholic
•Pope influence reduced: only had right to be informed of election results
How was the signing of the Civil Constitution delayed?
•Louis said needed “official word form Rome”
•July 9, 1790, Pope rejects const
•Louis later writes to Pope saying NA forcing him to public ally accept, chose to put of signing law
•Louis granted public assent dec 26, 1790
Who were the jurors and non-jurors?
Jurors = those who took the oath, 7 bishops, 1/2 clergy took oath
Non-jurors/refractory priests = those who refused the oath, countryside, west
Who resented the civil Constitution?
Religious peasants
Pope refused jurors
What were non-juror priests banned from?
What could they continue to do?
Who was violent towards who?
•Public preaching, Feb 5, 1791
•Continued performing masses + attracting crowds
•Extreme anticlericals against attendees of masses + nuns who didn’t renounce their vocation
“Constitutional” priests (jurors) also saw violence
How did the assembly reverse itself?
May 7. 1791
Non-juror priests COULD say mass + have services in other churches
But must respect the laws + not stir a revolt against Civil Constitution
After the assembly reversed itself on May 7, 1791, what continued?
What did this cause?
Violence on all sides
Nov 29, 1791, LA decreed refractory priests be arrested
Why had the Civil Constitution provoked opposition within France in the years 1790 to 91?
Independence of the church
The king’s role
Clergy split by the oath
Civil constitution:
How did the independence of the church provoke opposition within France 1790-91?
Clergy to be elected by active citizens
Clergy to be payed by gov. on fixed salary
Taxes to church ended (=> jobs lost)
Church reorganised like departements (=> jobs lost)
Pope individual power dwindles
Loyalty oath to be signed to constitution
Civil constitution:
How did the role of the king provoke opposition within France 1790-91?
King very Catholic, but devine right and pipe power dwindles
Power limited by changes to church
Veto on new, laws politically damaging when used
King still governs
Takes 2 years to sign, no strong choices
Forced to sign
Civil constitution:
How did the clergy split by the oath provoke opposition within France 1790-91?
7/83 bishops, 1/2 clergy = minority jurors (signed)
Clergy couldn’t decide on status of non-jurors: June 9 1790, banned from public preaching, May 7 1791, could say mass and do devices
Clergy if any religion could be elected
Right + left wing: celebrate king or not
Violence continued:
29 Nov 1791, refractory priests to be arrested
