Chapter 6 - Antibiotics

Question 1

What do antiseptics do?

Answer 1

kill and inhibits organisms on the body

Question 2

what do disinfectants do?

Answer 2

kill and inhibit organisms on inanimate objects

Question 3

what does sterilization do?

Answer 3

kills all organisms

Question 4

Betadine is good for what? bad for what?

Answer 4

good for GPC’s and GNR’s. Bad for fungi.

Question 5

Chlorhexidine is good for what?

Answer 5

GPC’s, GNR’s, fungi

Question 6

How do penicillin’s work?

Answer 6

inhibit cell walls

Question 7

what do cephalosporin’s work?

Answer 7

inhibit cell wall

Question 8

carbapenam’s?

Answer 8

inhibit cell wall

Question 9

monobactams?

Answer 9

cell wall synthesis

Question 10

vancomycin?

Answer 10

cell wall synthesis

Question 11

tetracycline?

Answer 11

30s ribosome

Question 12

aminoglycosides?

Answer 12

30s ribosome

Question 13

linezolid?

Answer 13

30s ribosome

Question 14

erythromycin?

Answer 14

50s

Question 15

clindamycin?

Answer 15

50s

Question 16

chloramphenicol

Answer 16

50s

Question 17

synercid?

Answer 17

50s

Question 18

quinolones?

Answer 18

DNA helicase/gyrase

Question 19

rifampin?

Answer 19

RNA polymerase

Question 20

Flagyl?

Answer 20

O2 radicals that break up DNA

Question 21

Sulfonamides?

Answer 21

PABA analogue, inhibits purine synthesis

Question 22

Trimethoprim?

Answer 22

dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor- inhibits purine synthesis

Question 23

what is mechanism of PCN resistance?

Answer 23

plasmids for betalactamase

Question 24

what is most common mechanism of abx resistance?

Answer 24

transfer of plasmids

Question 25

what is mechanism of MRSA resistance?

Answer 25

mutation of cell wall-binding protein

Question 26

VRE resistance?

Answer 26

mutation of cell wall binding protein

Question 27

gentamicin resistance?

Answer 27

modifying enzymes leading to decrease in active transport

Question 28

vanco appropriate levels?

Answer 28

20-40 peak, 5-10 trough

Question 29

gentamycin appropriate levels?

Answer 29

6-10, trough <1

Question 30

peak too high?

Answer 30

decrease amount of dose

Question 31

trough too high?

Answer 31

increase time interval

Question 32

penicillins are good for?

Answer 32

strep, syphilis, gonorrha, clostridium perfingins, anthrox. NOT good for staph or enterococcus

Question 33

oxacillin/nafcillin good for?

Answer 33

staph only

Question 34

Ampicillin/amoxicillin good for?

Answer 34

penicillin stuff + enterococci

Question 35

unasyn and augmentin good for?

Answer 35

broad spectrum, GPC’s, GNR;s, enterococci. NOT pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia

Question 36

ticarcillin peperacillin good for? side effects?

Answer 36

enterics, pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia. inhibits platelets, high salt load.

Question 37

First generation cephalosporins good for? side effects?

Answer 37

GPC’s. can produce positive coomb’s test

Question 38

longest lasting half-life of first generation cephalosporins?

Answer 38

Ancef (cefazolin)

Question 39

second generation cephalosporins are? good for?

Answer 39

cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefuroxime. GPC’s, GNRs.