Chapter 6 Anatomy Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye
Physiology
The study of the body’s functions and activities
Histology/ microscopic anatomy
The study of tiny structures found in living tissue
Cells
The basic unit of all living things
Protoplasm
Colorless, jelly like substance in which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present
Organelle
Small organ
Nucleus
The center of the cell
Nucleoplasm
Fluid that contains proteins and DNA (very important acid)
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Used to determine our genetic makeup
Cytoplasm
Watery fluid containing food material necessary for cell growth, reproduction, and self repair
Cell membrane
Allows substances to enter and leave the cell
Mitosis
Process of cell reproduction in human tissues that occurs when the cell divides into two identical cells (daughter cells)
Metabolism
A chemical process that takes place in living organisms. This process allows cells to be nourished and carry out their activities
Anabolism
Phase of metabolism: Process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones
Catabolism
A phase of metabolism where complex compounds within the cells are broken down into smaller ones
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform a certain function
Connective tissue
Supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body
Adipose tissue
Connective tissue that’s considered fat, and it gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulate the body
Epithelial tissue
Protective covering on the surface (ex: the skin, lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and glands)
Muscle tissue
Contracts and moves different parts of the body
Nerve tissue
Carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions
Organs
Structures composed of special tissue to perform a specific functions in plants and animals
Brain
An organ that controls the body
Eyes
An organ that controls the body’s vision
Heart
An organ that circulates blood
Kidneys
Organ that excrete water and waste products
Lungs
Organ that supply oxygen to the blood
Liver
Organ that removes waste created by digestion
Skin
Organ. External protective coating that covers the body
Stomach
Organ that digest food along with the intestines
Intestines
Organ that digest food along with the stomach
Body systems
Groups of organs acting together to perform one or more functions
Skeletal system
Physical foundation of the body that consists of the bones and movable and immovable joints
Muscular system
Covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue. It also contracts and moves various parts of the body
Nervous system
Carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions. Consist of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Circulatory system
Controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels
Lymphatic/ Immune system
Protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease causing toxins and bacteria
Endocrine System
Affects growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body. It consist of specialized glands
Digestive system
Changes food into nutrients and waste. Consist of mouth, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands
Excretory System
Purifies the body by elimination of waste matter. Consist of kidneys, liver, skin, intestines, and lungs
Respiratory System
Enables breathing, supplies the body with oxygen, and eliminates CO2 as a waste product. Consist of lungs and air passages
Integumentary System
Serves as a protective covering for the body and helps in temperature regulation. Consist of skin, oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails
Reproductive System
Reproduce and perpetuate the human race
