Chapter 6- Amines and Amides

Question 1

Amines

Answer 1

organic compounds derived from ammonia (NH3) by replacing one or more of ammonia’s hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aromatic groups

Question 2

Amines are organic compounds that are derived from what inorganic compound?

Answer 2

ammonia (NH3)

Question 3

How can Amines be classified?

Answer 3

primary
secondary
tertiary

Question 4

How are amines classified?

Answer 4

classifying is done according to how many hydrogens of ammonia (NH3) have been replaced by carbon groups

Question 5

Naming of primary amines

Answer 5

the root name is determined by the longest carbon chain
the -e ending is dropped and changed to -amine
the position of the -NH2 group is indicated by a number in the carbon chain

Question 6

Which amines can form hydrogen bonds between themselves?

Answer 6

primary and secondary

Question 7

Where do the hydrogen bonds form in primary and secondary amines?

Answer 7

between the hydrogen and nitrogen atoms

Question 8

Can hydrogen bond form between water and amines?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

Which form weaker hydrogen bonds amines or alcohols?

Answer 9

amines

because N is less electronegative than O.

Question 10

The boiling points of amines are ________ than those of alcohols of similar molecular weight?

Answer 10

lower

due to decreased strength of the hydrogen bonds between N and H

Question 11

Place these compounds in order of increasing boiling point: 1-aminobutane,2 pentane, 2- butane, 2 butanol

Answer 11

XXXXX

Question 12

Rank in increasing order the boiling points of a primary, secondary and tertiary amines of similar molecular weights.

Answer 12

Primary, secondary, tertiary

Question 13

Amines with fewer than _____ carbons are soluble in water as a result if hydrogen bond formation between amine functional groups and water molecules

Answer 13

six

Question 14

would you expect 1-aminopentane to be soluble or insoluble in water?

Answer 14

soluble

less than 6 carbons

Question 15

What is the characteristic that distinguishes amines as a functional group?

Answer 15

they behave as weak bases because they can accept an H+

Question 16

Will amines increase or decrease the pH of water?

Answer 16

increase

they accept H+ molecules

Question 17

Because amines behave as weak bases they form ______ when reacted with acids

Answer 17

salts

Question 18

When amines react with acid chlorides or acid anhydrides a compound known as __________ is formed.

Answer 18

an amide

Question 19

_________ are formed when amines react with acid chlorides or carboxylic acid anhydrides.

Answer 19

Amides

Question 20

Amide functional groups have a _______ attached to a _________.

Answer 20

carbonyl group

nitrogen

Question 21

What is the single bond linking the carbonyl group and the nitrogen atoms in the group called?

Answer 21

an amide linkage

Question 22

Under special conditions amides can be formed with a carboxylic acid reacts with a ______.

Answer 22

amine

Question 23

What is the gap between nerve cells that neurotransmitters cross?

Answer 23

synapse

Question 24

Neurotransmitters create a _________________ which allows nerve impulses to be carried between nerve cells.

Answer 24

chemical bridge

Question 25

Although there are gaps between nerve cells,nerve impulses are still able to travel from nerve cell to nerve cell thanks to the help of ___________ that act as chemical bridges.

Answer 25

neurotransmitters.

Question 26

The brain spinal cord adn nerves that radiate from teh spinal cord are collectively known as :

Answer 26

the central nervous system

Question 27

The Central nervous system uses four amines as important neurotransmitters. What are they?

Answer 27

acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin

Question 28

Serotonin,norepinephrine dopamine and __________ are all very important neurotransmitters in the CNS

Answer 28

acetylcholine

Question 29

The amine epinephrine (adrenaline) is structurally similar to___________ and acts as a hormone in the body.

Answer 29

norepinephrine

Question 30

Epinephrine is an amine that acts as a hormone to ___________ blood glucose levels.

Answer 30

stabilize

Question 31

Amphetamines are a group of drugs that have a structure similar to that of _________.

Answer 31

epinephrine

Question 32

Amphetamines are stimulants for the _________

Answer 32

CNS

Question 33

Drugs that are used to stimulate the CNS and are structurally similar to epinephrine are called _________.

Answer 33

amphetamines

Question 34

Plants are the source of alkaloid compounds that contain _________ and cause marked physiological effects when ingested.

Answer 34

nitrogen

Question 35

Nitrogen containing compounds, isolated from plants, and causing marked physiological effects are called ___________.

Answer 35

alkaloids

Question 36

A number of alkaloids are in well known substances:
nicotine is found in ________
caffiene is present in________
and quinine is used to treat_______

Answer 36

tobacco
cola drinks and coffee
malaria

Question 37

Naming amides

Answer 37

they are named after the carboxylic acid from which they are derived
drop the -oic acid
replace it with -amide

if alkyl groups are attached to the nitrogen atom of amides the name of the skyl group precedes the name of the amide adn an italic N is used to indicate that the alkyl group is bonded to the nitrogen

Question 38

H bonding can occur between the amide hydrogens and what?

Answer 38

the carbonyl oxygen in amides

Question 39

this intermolecular hydrogen bonding in amides gives them _________melting points

Answer 39

high

Question 40

What is responsible for the relatively high water solubility of amides?

Answer 40

hydrogen bonding

Question 41

Rank the following in order of increasing hydrogen bond strengths between identical molecules: alkyne, carboxylic acid, ether, amide and amine

Question 42

What is the most important reaction for amides?

Answer 42

hydrolysis

Question 43

If the amide hydrolysis reaction occurs in the presence of an acid the amine product becomes an ________.

Answer 43

amine salt

Question 44

If the amide reacts with a base the carboxylic acid product becomes a ______________.

Answer 44

carboxylate salt