Chapter 6- Amines and Amides Flashcards
Amines
organic compounds derived from ammonia (NH3) by replacing one or more of ammonia’s hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aromatic groups
Amines are organic compounds that are derived from what inorganic compound?
ammonia (NH3)
How can Amines be classified?
primary
secondary
tertiary
How are amines classified?
classifying is done according to how many hydrogens of ammonia (NH3) have been replaced by carbon groups
Naming of primary amines
the root name is determined by the longest carbon chain
the -e ending is dropped and changed to -amine
the position of the -NH2 group is indicated by a number in the carbon chain
Which amines can form hydrogen bonds between themselves?
primary and secondary
Where do the hydrogen bonds form in primary and secondary amines?
between the hydrogen and nitrogen atoms
Can hydrogen bond form between water and amines?
yes
Which form weaker hydrogen bonds amines or alcohols?
amines
because N is less electronegative than O.
The boiling points of amines are ________ than those of alcohols of similar molecular weight?
lower
due to decreased strength of the hydrogen bonds between N and H
Place these compounds in order of increasing boiling point: 1-aminobutane,2 pentane, 2- butane, 2 butanol
XXXXX
Rank in increasing order the boiling points of a primary, secondary and tertiary amines of similar molecular weights.
Primary, secondary, tertiary
Amines with fewer than _____ carbons are soluble in water as a result if hydrogen bond formation between amine functional groups and water molecules
six
would you expect 1-aminopentane to be soluble or insoluble in water?
soluble
less than 6 carbons
What is the characteristic that distinguishes amines as a functional group?
they behave as weak bases because they can accept an H+
Will amines increase or decrease the pH of water?
increase
they accept H+ molecules
Because amines behave as weak bases they form ______ when reacted with acids
salts
When amines react with acid chlorides or acid anhydrides a compound known as __________ is formed.
an amide
_________ are formed when amines react with acid chlorides or carboxylic acid anhydrides.
Amides
Amide functional groups have a _______ attached to a _________.
carbonyl group
nitrogen
What is the single bond linking the carbonyl group and the nitrogen atoms in the group called?
an amide linkage
Under special conditions amides can be formed with a carboxylic acid reacts with a ______.
amine
What is the gap between nerve cells that neurotransmitters cross?
synapse
Neurotransmitters create a _________________ which allows nerve impulses to be carried between nerve cells.
chemical bridge
Although there are gaps between nerve cells,nerve impulses are still able to travel from nerve cell to nerve cell thanks to the help of ___________ that act as chemical bridges.
neurotransmitters.
The brain spinal cord adn nerves that radiate from teh spinal cord are collectively known as :
the central nervous system
The Central nervous system uses four amines as important neurotransmitters. What are they?
acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin
Serotonin,norepinephrine dopamine and __________ are all very important neurotransmitters in the CNS
acetylcholine
The amine epinephrine (adrenaline) is structurally similar to___________ and acts as a hormone in the body.
norepinephrine
Epinephrine is an amine that acts as a hormone to ___________ blood glucose levels.
stabilize
Amphetamines are a group of drugs that have a structure similar to that of _________.
epinephrine
Amphetamines are stimulants for the _________
CNS
Drugs that are used to stimulate the CNS and are structurally similar to epinephrine are called _________.
amphetamines
Plants are the source of alkaloid compounds that contain _________ and cause marked physiological effects when ingested.
nitrogen
Nitrogen containing compounds, isolated from plants, and causing marked physiological effects are called ___________.
alkaloids
A number of alkaloids are in well known substances:
nicotine is found in ________
caffiene is present in________
and quinine is used to treat_______
tobacco
cola drinks and coffee
malaria
Naming amides
they are named after the carboxylic acid from which they are derived
drop the -oic acid
replace it with -amide
if alkyl groups are attached to the nitrogen atom of amides the name of the skyl group precedes the name of the amide adn an italic N is used to indicate that the alkyl group is bonded to the nitrogen
H bonding can occur between the amide hydrogens and what?
the carbonyl oxygen in amides
this intermolecular hydrogen bonding in amides gives them _________melting points
high
What is responsible for the relatively high water solubility of amides?
hydrogen bonding
Rank the following in order of increasing hydrogen bond strengths between identical molecules: alkyne, carboxylic acid, ether, amide and amine
What is the most important reaction for amides?
hydrolysis
If the amide hydrolysis reaction occurs in the presence of an acid the amine product becomes an ________.
amine salt
If the amide reacts with a base the carboxylic acid product becomes a ______________.
carboxylate salt
