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BIO160 The Mucsular System After page 205 > Chapter 6 after page 205 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 after page 205 Flashcards

1
Q

Facial muscles are unique because they are inserted into

A

soft tissues such as other muscles or skin

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2
Q

Types of facial muscles

A 
Frontalis 
Orbicularis Oculi
Orbicularis Oris
Buccinator
Zygomaticus
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3
Q

Frontalis

A

Raises eyebrows
wrinkly forehead
covers the posterior aspect of the skull

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4
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Fibers that run circles around the eyes

Allows you to close your eyes, squint and blink

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5
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Circular muscle of the mouth

“Kissing” muscle

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6
Q

Buccinator

A

Also listed as the chewing muscle

Holds the food between the teeth during chewing

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7
Q

Zygomaticus

A

“Smiling” muscle

Raises the corners of the mouth upward

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8
Q

Types of chewing muscles

A

Masseter

Tempolaris

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9
Q

Masseter

A

Covers the angle of the lower jaw

Closes the jaw by elevating the mandible

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10
Q

Tempolaris

A

fan shaped muscle

Synergist of the masseter in closing the jaw

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11
Q

Types of neck muscles

A

Platysma

Sternocleidomastoid

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12
Q

Plastysma

A

single sheetlike muscle

pulls the mouth inferiorly

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13
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Paired muscles
Sternum and clavicle
When both of them contract together, they flex your neck
“Prayer” muscles

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14
Q

Trunk muscles include

A
  1. Those that move the vertebral column
  2. Anterior thorax muscles, which move the ribs, head and arms
  3. Muscles of the abdominal wall, which help to move the vertebral column and most important, form the muscular “natural girdle” of the abdominal body wall.
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15
Q

Types of Anterior Muscles

A

Pectoralis Major

Intercostal Muscles

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16
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Large fan shaped muscle covering the upper part of the chest.
Forms the anterior wall of the axilla
Acts to adduct and flex the arm

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17
Q

Intercostal Muscles

A

Deep muscles found between the ribs
External intercostals, raise the rib cage while inhaling
Internal intercostals, depress the rib cage while exhaling

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18
Q

Muscles of the Abdominal Girdle

A

Rectus Abdominis
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transverse Abdominis

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19
Q

Muscles of the Abdominal Girdle form what?

A

A natural girdle that reinforces the body trunk

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20
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Paired straplike muscles
Most superficial muscles of the abdomen
Main function is to flex the vertebral column
Compress the adbominal contents during defecation and childbirth and are involved in forced breathing

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21
Q

External oblique

A

Mlakeup the lateral walls of the abdomen
Form the last 8 ribs
Flex the vertebral column
Rotate the trunk and bend it laterally

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22
Q

Internal oblique

A

Run at right angles
Arise from the illiac crest and insert into the last 3 ribs
Same functions as the external obliques

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23
Q

Transverse Abdominis

A

Deepest muscle of the abdominal wall

Compresses the abdominal contents

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24
Q

Types of posterior Muscles

A 
Trapezious
Latissimus Dorsi
Erector Spinae
Quadratus Lumborum
Deltoid
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25
Q

Trapezius

A

Most superficial muscles of the posterior neck and upper trunk
Diamond or kite shaped

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26
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Large flat muscles that cover the lower back
Extends and adducts the humerus
Important muscles when the arm must be brought down in a power stroke

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27
Q

Erector Spinar

A

Primary mover of the back extension

Powerful back extensor

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28
Q

Erector Spinar consists of

A

Longissimus
Iliocostalis
Spinalis

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29
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

Form part of the posterior abdominal wall

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30
Q

Acting separately each muscle of Quadratus Lumborum

A

flexes the spine laterally

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31
Q

Acting together each muscle of Quadratus Lumborum

A

extend the lumbar spine

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32
Q

Deltoid

A

Triangle shaped muscles

Forms the rounded shape of your shoulders

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33
Q

A favorite injection site?

A

Deltoid because they are so bulky

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34
Q

Muscles that move the arm?

A

Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid

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35
Q

What causes elbow flexion

A

All anterior arm muscles

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36
Q

Muscles of the Humerus

A

Biceps Branchii
Branchialis
Brancgioradialis
Triceps Branchii

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37
Q

Most familiar muscle of the arm and why?

A

Biceps Branchii because it bulges when the elbow is flexed

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38
Q

Powerful prime mover of flexion of the forearm and acts to supinate the forearm

A

Biceps Branchii

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39
Q

Lies deep to the biceps muscle and is as important as the biceps in elbow flexion

A

Branchiallis

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40
Q

Brachialis lists the

A

ulna as the biceps lifts the radius

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41
Q

Fairly weak muscle that arises on the humerus and inserts into the distal forearm

A

Brachioradialis

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42
Q

Where does Brachioradialis reside?

A

Mainly in the forearm

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43
Q

The muscles fleshinh out of the posterior humerus

A

Triceps Brachii

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44
Q

Powerful prime mover of elbow extension

A

Triceps Branchii

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45
Q

Antagonist of the biceps brachii

A

Triceps Brachii

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46
Q

Triceps Brachii is called the

A

“Boxer’s” muscle because it can deliver a straight arm knockout punch

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47
Q

Muscles that act on the lower limb cause movement at the

A

hip, knee and foot joints

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48
Q

Largest, strongest muscles in the body and are specialized for walking and balancing the body

A

Lower limb

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49
Q

Girdle that allows little movement

A

Pelvis girdle

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50
Q

Muscles originated on the leg cause assorted movements of the

A

ankle and foor

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51
Q

Muscles causing movement at the hip joint

A

GLuteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Iliopsoas
Adductor Muscles

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52
Q

Superficial muscle of the hip that forms most of the flesh of the buttock

A

Gluteus Maximus

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53
Q

Most important muscle for extending the hip when power is needed

A

Gluteus Maximus

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54
Q

Hip abductor and is important in steadying the pelvis during walking

A

Gluteus Medius

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55
Q

Gluteus Medius is an important site for giving

A

intramuscular injections

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56
Q

Medial part of each buttock overlies the large

A

sciatic nerve (area must be avoided)

57
Q

Safe place for an intramuscular injection

A

Superolateral quadrant then overlies the gluteus medius

58
Q

Prime mover of hip flexion

A

Iliopsoas

59
Q

Function of Iliopsoas

A

Acts to keep the upper body from falling backward when we are standing erect

60
Q

What forms the muscle mass at the medial side of each thigh

A

Adductor Muscles

61
Q

Muscles causing movement at the Knee Joint

A

Hamstring Group
Sartorius
Quadriceps Group

62
Q

The muscles forming the muscle mass of the posterior thigh are the

A

hamstrings

63
Q

Hamstring group consists of 3 muscles

A

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

64
Q

Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus,Semitendinosus are the

A

prime movers of the thigh extension and knee flexion

65
Q

Most superficial muscle of the thigh

A

Sartorius

66
Q

Sartorius is a

A

weak thigh flexor

67
Q

Sartorius is also called and why?

A

tailor’s muscle because it acts as a synergist to bring about the cross-legged position in which old time tailors are often showed

68
Q

Quadriceps Group consists of 4 muscles

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

69
Q

Rectus Vastus muscles originate from the

A

femur

70
Q

Rectus femoris originates on the

A

pelvis

71
Q

All 4 muscles of Quadriceps Group onsert into the tibial tuberosity via the

A

patellar ligament

72
Q

Crosses 2 joint, hip and knee

A

Rectus femoris

73
Q

Rectus femoris help to

A

flex the hip

74
Q

Vastus lateralis and Rectus femoris are sometimes used as

A

intramuscular injection sites, in infants who have poorly developed gluteus muscles

75
Q

Muscles causing movement at the ankle and foot

A 
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitarum Longus
Fibularis Muscles
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
76
Q

Superficial muscle on the anterior leg

A

Tibialis anterior

77
Q

Tibialis anterior acts to

A

dorsiflex and invert the foot

78
Q

Prime mover of toe extension

A

Extensor Digitorum Longus

79
Q

3 fibularis muscles

A

longus
brevis
tertius

80
Q

Where are the 3 fibularis muscles found?

A

lateral part of the leg

81
Q

Flexes and everts the foot

A

Fibularis Muscles as a whole

82
Q

2 bellied muscle that forms the curved calf of the posterior leg

A

Gastrocnemius

83
Q

Prime mover for plantar flexion of the foot

A

Gastrocnemius

84
Q

Gastrocnemius is also called the

A

toe dancer’s muscle

85
Q

Deep to the Gastrocnemius os the

A

soleus muscle

86
Q

soleus muscle is a

A

strong plantar flexor of the foot

87
Q

Most of the superficial muscles are in

A

anterior and posterior views of the body

88
Q

In the developing embryo the muscular system is laid down in

A

segments and each segment is invaded by nerves

89
Q

The muscles of the thoracic and lumbar regions become very extensive because

A

they must cover and move the bones of the limbs

90
Q

First movements of the fetus

A

the quickening, occurs by the 16th week of pregnancy

91
Q

Very few congenital muscular problems occur except for

A

Muscular dystrophy

92
Q

What is Muscular dystrophy?

A

a group of inherited muscle-destroying diseases that affect specific muscle groups

93
Q

The most common and serious form for muscular dystrophy is

A

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

Expressed especially in boys

94
Q

Protein that helps maintain the sarcolemma

A

dystrophin

95
Q

One rare disease that can affect muscles during adulthood is

A

myasthenia gravis, disease characterized by drooping of the upper eyelids, difficulty in swallowing and talking and generalized muscle weakness and fatigability.

96
Q

Origin and Insertion of Frontalis

A

Cranial aponeurosis

Skin of eyebrows

97
Q

Origin and insertion of Orbicularis Oculi

A

Frontal bone and maxilla

Tissue around the eyes

98
Q

Origin and insertion of Orbicularis Oris

A

Mandible and maxilla

Skin and muscle around mouth

99
Q

Origin and insertion of Buccinator

A

Maxilla and mandible near molars

Orbicularis oris

100
Q

Origin and insertion of Zygomaticus

A

Zygomatic bone

Skin and muscle at corner of lips

101
Q

Origin and insertion of Temporalis

A

Temporal bone

Mandible

102
Q

Origin and insertion of Masseter

A

Temporal bone

Mandible

103
Q

Origin and insertion of Platysma

A

Connective tissue covering of superior chest muscles

Tissue around the mouth

104
Q

Origin and insertion of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Sternum and Clavicle

Temporal Bone

105
Q

Origin and insertion of Pectoralis Major

A

Sternum, clavicle and first to sixth ribs

Proximal humerus

106
Q

Origin and insertion of Rectus abdominis

A

Pubis

Sternum and 5th to 7th ribs

107
Q

Origin and insertion of External Oblique

A

Lower 8 ribs

Illiac crest

108
Q

Origin and insertion of of Biceps brachii

A

Scapula of shoudler girdle

Proximal radius

109
Q

Origin and insertion of Brachialis

A

Distal humerus

Proximal ulna

110
Q

Origin and insertion of Deltoid

A

Scapular spine and clavicle

Humerus (deltoid tuberocity)

111
Q

Origin and insertion of Ilopsoas

A

Ilium and lumbar vertebrae

Femur

112
Q

Origin and insertion of Adductor Muscles

A

Pelvis

Proximal femur

113
Q

Origin and insertion of Sartorius

A

Ilium

Proximal tibia

114
Q

Origin and insertion of Quadriceps groups

A

Vasti;Femur

Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

115
Q

Origin and insertion of Rectus femoris

A

Pelvis

Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

116
Q

Origin and insertion of Tibialis anterior

A

Proximal tibia

First cuneiform and first metatarsal of foot

117
Q

Origin and insertion of Extensor digitorum longus

A

Proximal tibia and radius

Distal toes 2-5

118
Q

Origin and insertion of Fibularis muscles

A

Fibula

Metatarsals of foot

119
Q

Muscles that act on the upper limb fall into 3 groups

A

Muscles that move the arm
Muscles that cause movement at the elbow
Muscles that move the wrist and hand

120
Q

Origin and insertion of Trapezius

A

Occipital bone and all cervical and thoracic vertebrae

Scapular spins and clavicle

121
Q

Origin and insertion of Latissimus dorsi

A

Lower spine and Iliac crest

Proximal humerus

122
Q

Origin and insertion erector spine

A

Iliac crest, ribs 3-12 and vertebrae

Ribs and thoracic and cervical vertebrae

123
Q

Origin and insertion triceps brachii

A

Shoulder girdle, posterior/proximal humerus

Olecranon process of ulna

124
Q

Origin and insertion of Sartorius

A

Ilium

Proximal tibia

125
Q

Other name of Sartorius

A

Tailor’s muscle

126
Q

Primary action of Pectoralis

A

Primary mover of arm flexion; adducts; medially rotates arm

127
Q

Primary action of Deltoid

A

Prime mover of arm abduction

128
Q

Primary action of Rectus abdominis

A

Flexes and rotates vertebral column

129
Q

Primary action of External oblique

A

Flexes and rotates vertebral column

130
Q

Primary action of Internal Oblique

A

Flexes and rotates vertebral column

131
Q

Primary action of Transversus Abdominis

A

Compress abdominal contents

132
Q

Primary action of Biceps brachii

A

Flexes elbow and supinates forearm

133
Q

Primary action of Brachialis

A

A major arm flexor

134
Q

Primary action of Brachioradialis

A

Synergist of brachialis in forearm flexion

135
Q

Primary action of Pronator teres

A

Pronates forearm

136
Q

Primary action of Flexor carpi radialis

A

Powerful wrist flexor

abducts hand

137
Q

Primary action of Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Powerful flexor of wrist

Adducts hand

138
Q

Primary action of Flexor digitorum

A

Flexes wrist and middle phalanges of fingers 2-5

139
Q

Primary action of Trapezius

A

Extends neck, raises, rotates and retracts scapula and stabilizes it

BIO160 The Mucsular System After page 205 (1 decks)

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