Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is subjective information?
Something they’ve told you.
General and medical history:
Occupation, Lifestyle, Medical and Personal Information
Radial pulse
It is recorded on the palm side of the wrist.
Prefered by NASM
Carotid pulse
Recorded on the neck, to the side of the larynx
Zone 1
Builds aerobic base and aids in recovery
Maximal heart rate x 0.65
“”. X 0.75
Zone 2
Increases aerobic and anaerobic endurance.
MHR x 0.76
MHR X 0.85
Zone 3
Builds high end work capacity.
MHR X 0.86
MHR X 0.95
Ankle sprains
Ankle sprains have been shown to decrease the neural control to the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscles. This, in turn, can lead to poor control of the lower extremities during many functional activities, which can eventually lead to injury
Knee injuries involving ligaments
Knee injury can cause a decrease in the neural control to muscles that stabilize the patella (kneecap) and lead to further injury. Knee injuries that are not the result of contact (noncontact injuries) are often the result of ankle or hip dysfunctions, such as the result of an ankle sprain.
Low back injuries
Low-back injuries can cause decreased neural control to stabilizing muscles of the core, resulting in poor stabilization of the spine. This can further lead to dysfunction in the upper and lower extremities.
Shoulder injuries
Shoulder injuries cause altered neural control of the rotator cuff muscles, which can lead to instability of the shoulder joint during functional activities.
HR Reserve (HRR) method
Heart rate reserve (HRR), also known as the Karvonen method, is a method of establishing training intensity on the basis of the difference between a client’s predicted maximal heart rate and their resting heart rate
Overactive muscles
- Tight
- cause faulty movement pattern to occur.
Under active muscles
- lengthened
- allow faulty movement pattern to happen.
What are the five kinetic chain checkpoints?
1-feet and ankles 2-knees 3-limbo-pelvic-hip complex 4-shoulders 5-cervical spine
Feet turn out in the Overhead Squat Assessment what are the probable overactive muscles?
(outside of leg muscles)
- soleus
- lateral gastrocnemius
- biceps femoris (shorthead)
Knees move in during OSA. What are the overactive muscles?
- adductor complex
- biceps femoris (short head)
- TFL
- vastus lateralis
Feet turn out in the Overhead Squat Assessment what are the probable UNDERACTIVE muscles?
- Medial gastrocnemius
- Medial hamstring complex
- Gracilis
- Sartorius
- Popliteus
Knees move in during OSA. What are the UNDERACTIVE muscles?
- Gluteus medius/maximus
- Vastus medialis oblique (VMO)
Upper body view. Arms fall forward. What are the OVERACTIVE muscles?
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres major
- Pectoralis major/minor
Upper body view. Arms fall forward. What are the UNDERACTIVE muscles?
- Mid/lower trapezius
- Rhomboids
- Rotator cuff
Lumbo- pelvic-hip complex (LPHC) view. Excessive forward lean is caused by which OVERACTIVE muscles?
- Soleus
- Gastrocnemius
- Hip flexor complex
- Abdominal complex
Lumbo- pelvic-hip complex (LPHC) view. Excessive forward lean is caused by which UNDERACTIVE muscles?
- Anterior tibialis
- Gluteus maximus
- Erector spinae
Lumbo- pelvic-hip complex (LPHC) view. Low back arches is caused by which OVERACTIVE muscles?
- Hip flexor complex
- Erector spinae
- Latissimus dorsi
Lumbo- pelvic-hip complex (LPHC) view. Low back arches is caused by which UNDERACTIVE muscles?
-Gluteus maximus
-Hamstring complex
-Intrinsic core
stabilizers (transverse abdominis, multifidus, transversospinalis, internal oblique pelvic floor)
What does the YMCA test do?
Provides an estimation of a client’s cardiorespiratory fitness level.
What is the Davis test uses for?
To asses upper extremity agility and stability.
Push up assessment
Determines upper body endurance, specially around the pushing muscles
Davies test
Determines upper extremity agility and stabilization.
Placing the client in a push up position with hands 36 inches apart. Have them touch their right hand with the left one and vice versa.
Shark skill test
Determines lower extremity agility and stabilization. The client preform a single leg jump from one square to the next in a specific pattern.
Objective information
Physiologic assessments
Body composition testing Cardiorespiratory assessments
Static and dynamic postural assessments
Performance assessments
What does a preparticipation health screening include?
a medical history questionnaire (such as the PAR-Q) and a review of their chronic disease risk factors and presence of any signs or symptoms of disease
The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)
a question- naire that has been designed to determine the safety or possible risk of exercising for a client based on the answers to specific health history questions.
When clients answer yes to one or more questions the PT should refer them to a physician.
Extended periods of sitting can lead to:
tight hip flexors (rectus femoris, tensor fascia latae, iliopsoas) and postural imbalances within the human movement system.
Repetitive movements can lead to:
pattern overload to muscles and joints, which may lead to tissue trauma and eventually kinetic chain dysfunction.
Dress shoes
Wearing shoes with a high heel puts the ankle complex in a plantarflexed position for extended periods, which can lead to tightness in the gastrocnemius, soleus, and Achilles tendon, causing postural imbalance, such as decreased dorsiflexion and overpronation at the foot and ankle complex, resulting in flattening of the arch of the foot
Mental stress
can cause elevated resting heart rate, blood pressure, and ventilation at rest and exercise.
it can lead to abnormal (or dysfunctional) breathing patterns that may cause postural or musculoskeletal imbalances in the neck, shoulder, chest, and low-back muscles, which collectively can lead to postural distortion and human movement system dysfunction
Blood pressure
the pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels after blood is ejected from the heart.
Body composition
refers to the relative percentage of body weight that is fat versus fat-free tissue, or more commonly reported as “Percent Body Fat.”
The Durnin formula’s four sites of skinfold measurement are as follows:
- Biceps: A vertical fold on the front of the arm over the biceps muscle, halfway between the shoulder and the elbow Figure 6.9.
- Triceps: A vertical fold on the back of the upper arm, with the arm relaxed and held freely at the side. This skin fold should also be taken halfway between the shoulder and the elbow Figure 6.10.
- Subscapular: A 45-degree angle fold of 1 to 2 cm, below the inferior angle of the scapula Figure 6.11.
- Iliac crest: A 45-degree angle fold, taken just above the iliac crest and medial to the axillary line Figure 6.12.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET)
The most valid measurement for functional capacity of the cardiopulmonary
(heart and lungs).
AKA maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)
Rockport walk test
This test is also designed to estimate a cardiovascular starting point. The starting point is then modified based on ability level.
Pronation distortion syndrome
a postural distortion syndrome characterized by foot pronation (flat feet) and adducted and internally rotated knees (knock knees)
Lower crossed syndrome
a postural distortion syndrome characterized by an anterior tilt to the pelvis (arched lower back)
Upper crosses syndrome
a postural distortion syndrome characterized by a forward head and rounded shoulders.
