Chapter 6

Question 1

peroxisome

Answer 1

a cytoplasmic cell organelle containing enzymes (such as catalase) which act in oxidative reactions and especially in the production and decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

Question 2

phagocytosis

Answer 2

the engulfing and usually the destruction of particulate matter by phagocytes that serves as an important bodily defense mechanism against infection by microorganisms and against occlusion of mucous surfaces or tissues by foreign particles and tissue debris

Question 3

plasmodesma

Answer 3

one of the cytoplasmic strands passing through openings in some plant cell walls and forming connections with adjacent cells

Question 4

Prokaryotic

Answer 4

of, relating to, or being a typically unicellular organism lacking a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles : being or characteristic of a prokaryote

Question 5

ribosome

Answer 5

any of the RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis

Question 6

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes

Question 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

a system of interconnected vesicular and lamellar cytoplasmic membranes that functions especially in the transport of materials within the cell

Question 8

vacuole

Answer 8

a cavity or vesicle in the cytoplasm of a cell usually containing fluid

Question 9

vesicle

Answer 9

a membranous and usually fluid-filled pouch (such as a cyst, vacuole, or cell) in a plant or animal

Question 10

autophagy

Answer 10

digestion of cellular constituents by enzymes of the same cell

Question 11

plasma membrane

Answer 11

a semipermeable limiting layer of cell protoplasm consisting of a fluid phospholipid bilayer with intercalated proteins

Question 12

cell wall

Answer 12

the usually rigid nonliving permeable wall that surrounds the plasma membrane and encloses and supports the cells of most plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae

Question 13

centrosome

Answer 13

the centriole-containing region of clear cytoplasm adjacent to the cell nucleus

Question 14

chloroplast

Answer 14

a plastid that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis

Question 15

chromatin

Answer 15

a complex chiefly of DNA and histone in eukaryotic cells that is usually dispersed in the interphase nucleus and condensed into chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis and in which the nucleosome makes up its repeating subunits

Question 16

cilia

Answer 16

a minute short hairlike process often one on a cell that is capable of lashing movement and serves especially in free unicellular organisms to produce locomotion or in higher forms a current of fluid

Question 17

contractile vacuole

Answer 17

a vacuole in a unicellular organism that contracts regularly to discharge fluid and especially water from the cell

Question 18

cytoplasm

Answer 18

the organized complex of inorganic and organic substances external to the nuclear membrane of a cell and including the cytosol and membrane-bound organelles (such as mitochondria or chloroplasts)

Question 19

cytoskeleton

Answer 19

the network of protein filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm that controls cell shape, maintains intracellular organization, and is involved in cell movement

Question 20

Endosymbiont theory

Answer 20

A theory stating that the eukaryotes evolved through a process whereby different types of free-living prokaryotes became incorporated inside larger prokaryotic cells and eventually developed into mitochondria, chloroplasts, and possibly other organelles.

Question 21

eukaryotic cell

Answer 21

Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, and are enclosed by a plasma membrane. Organisms that have eukaryotic cells include protozoa, fungi, plants and animals. These organisms are grouped into the biological domain Eukaryota. Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells