chapter 6 Flashcards
Percentage of the population (or number of people of each sex) at each age level in a population.
age structure
Annual number of live births per 1,000 people in the population of a geographic area at the midpoint of a given year.
birth rate/
crude birth rate
Annual number of deaths per 1,000 people in the population of a geographic area at the midpoint of a given year.
crude death rate
The limit on population growth that would allow most people in an area or the world to live in reasonable comfort and freedom without impairing the ability of the planet to sustain future generations.
cultural carrying capacity
Hypothesis that countries, as they become industrialized, have declines in death rates followed by declines in birth rates.
demographic transition
Process or group of processes by which loose or consolidated earth materials, especially topsoil, are dissolved, loosened, or worn away and removed from one place and deposited in another.
erosion
Providing information, clinical services, and contraceptives to help people choose the number and spacing of children they want to have.
family planning
Number of children born to an average woman in a population during her lifetime.
fertility rate
Number of babies out of every 1,000 born each year who die before their first birthday.
infant mortality rate
Average number of years a newborn infant can be expected to live.
life expectancy
Movement of people into and out of specific geographic areas.
migration
Increase or decrease in the size of a population.
It is equal to (Births + Immigration) (Deaths+ Emigration).
population change
Estimate of the average number of children who will be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she passes through all her childbearing years (ages 1544) conforming to age-specific fertility rates of a given year.
More simply, it is an estimate of the average number of children that women in a given population will have during their childbearing years.
total fertility rate (TFR)
Condition suffered by people who cannot grow or buy enough food to meet their basic energy needs. Most chronically undernourished children live in developing countries and are likely to suffer from mental retardation and stunted growth and to die from infectious diseases.
undernutrition
