Chapter 6 & 7 Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophores

Question 1

filter feeders

Answer 1

Any feeding process by which particulate food is filtered from water in which it is suspended.

Question 2

ostium

Answer 2

Opening

Question 3

osculum

Answer 3

Excurrent opening in a sponge

Question 4

choanocytes

Answer 4

take in sperm, transform into carrier cells, and carry sperm through mesohylto oocytes

Question 5

collagen

Answer 5

Tough, fibrous protein occurring in vertebrates as the chief constituent of collagenous connective tissue; also occurs in invertebrates—for example, the cuticle of nematodes.

Skeletons of sponges are made up of ________ and spicules

Question 6

asconoid

Answer 6

Simplest form of sponges, with canals leading directly from the outside to the interior

Question 7

syconoid

Answer 7

They have a tubular body and a single osculum. Choanocyte layer is folded back and forth to make canals

Question 8

leuconoid

Answer 8

organization is the most complex of the sponge types and permits an increase in sponge size. Largest in size

Question 9

incurrent canal

Answer 9

Water, entering the body through dermal pores, moves first to ____________ _____________

Question 10

radial canal in sponges

Answer 10

___________ ________ lined with choanocytes

Question 11

mesohyl

Answer 11

Gelatinous matrix surrounding sponge cells; “connective tissue” of the sponges

Question 12

pinacocyte

Answer 12

Flattened cells comprising dermal epithelium in sponges.

Question 13

spicules

Answer 13

Amebocyte in sponges that secretes spicules.

Question 14

spongin fibers

Answer 14

sdfv

Question 15

silicious spicules

Answer 15

sdv s

Question 16

calcareous spicules

Answer 16

sdv

Question 17

intracellular digestion

Answer 17

sdv

Question 18

phagocytosis

Answer 18

sdv

Question 19

monoecious

Answer 19

sdv

Question 20

parenchymula larva

Answer 20

vsdv

Question 21

gemmules

Answer 21

svd

Question 22

Hexactinellida

Answer 22

svd

Question 23

choanoblasts

Answer 23

svd

Question 24

Venus flower basket

Answer 24

svd

Question 25

Calcarea

Answer 25

sdv

Question 26

Demospongiae

Answer 26

sdv

Question 27

carnivorous sponges

Answer 27

sdv

Question 28

Homoscleromorpha

Answer 28

sdvs

Question 29

diploblastic

Answer 29

vsds

Question 30

radial symmetry

Answer 30

vd

Question 31

sac-like body plan

Answer 31

sdv

Question 32

cnidocytes

Answer 32

sdv

Question 33

nematocysts

Answer 33

vd

Question 34

dimorphism

Answer 34

sdv

Question 35

polyp

Answer 35

vd

Question 36

medusa

Answer 36

vsv

Question 37

oral

Answer 37

svd

Question 38

aboral

Answer 38

sdv

Question 39

planula larva

Answer 39

sdv

Question 40

budding

Answer 40

sd

Question 41

strobilation

Answer 41

dv

Question 42

gastrovascular cavity

Answer 42

ss

Question 43

gland cells

Answer 43

sdv

Question 44

gastrodermis

Answer 44

sd

Question 45

epidermis

Answer 45

sdv

Question 46

mesoglea

Answer 46

sdv

Question 47

epitheliomuscular cells

Answer 47

sd

Question 48

nerve net

Answer 48

sd

Question 49

hydranths

Answer 49

sdv

Question 50

gonangium

Answer 50

sd

Question 51

gonopore

Answer 51

sdv

Question 52

velum

Answer 52

sd

Question 53

scyphistoma

Answer 53

sdv

Question 54

strobila

Answer 54

sdf

Question 55

ephira

Answer 55

sdfv

Question 56

rhopalium

Answer 56

fsds

Question 57

statocyst

Answer 57

sdsdf

Question 58

ocelli

Answer 58

dsdf

Question 59

zooxanthellae algae

Answer 59

sdfs

Question 60

coral bleaching

Answer 60

dfv sd

Question 61

ocean acidification

Answer 61

ds

Question 62

ctenophores

Answer 62

adc

Question 63

comb-like plates

Answer 63

sadsd

Question 64

colloblasts

Answer 64

dsds

Question 65

photocytes

Answer 65

sds

Question 66

multicellular

Answer 66

ds

Question 67

archaeocyte (amoebocyte)

Answer 67

as

Question 68

How many speciesof sponges have been described?How many occur in freshwater?

Answer 68

safa

Question 69

What is the most diverse marine ecoregion? What is the most diverse region for freshwater sponges?

Answer 69

sfa

Question 70

What are the four classes of sponges? What is the main characteristic used to classify sponges?

Answer 70

asas

Question 71

What is the function of the following cells/structures: choanocytes, amoebocytes, pinacocytes, spicules, and gemmules.

Answer 71

asfas

Question 72

Briefly describe the three canal systems.

Answer 72

asdasa

Question 73

How do sponges reproduce sexually? How about asexual

Answer 73

asfasc

Question 74

Within what class are carnivorous sponges classified?

Answer 74

asca

Question 75

How many species of carnivorous sponges have been described?

Answer 75

asd

Question 76

What adaptations are present in carnivorous sponges that enable them to function as predators instead of filter feeders?

Answer 76

as

Question 77

How many species of Cnidarians have been described?How many occur in freshwater?

Answer 77

asd

Question 78

What are the four classes of cnidarians?

Answer 78

asd

Question 79

What is the function of the following cells/structures: cnidocytes, gland cells, hydranth, gonangium, rhopalium, colloblasts, photocytes.

Answer 79

dvs

Question 80

What are the current approaches to save corals discussed in class?

Answer 80

vsd

Question 81

Briefly describe Obeliaand Aurelialife cycles(they belong to different classes).

Answer 81

vdsd

Question 82

How do ctenophorans obtain food? How is their digestive system different from cnidarians?

Answer 82

sdas