chapter 6 & 7 lowerl limb Flashcards
how many bones does the foot consist of
26
how many tarsals are there in the foot
7
what is included in the forefoot
metatarsals and toes
what is included in the mid foot
five tarsals - cuneiforms, navicular, cuboid
what is included in the hind foot
talus and calcaneus
what is the function of the longitudinal arch of the foot
shock absorber to distribute the weight of the body in all directions which permits smooth walking
how many phalanges are in the foot
14
what is the largest tarsal bone in the foot
calcaneus
what is the second largest tarsal bone in the foot
talus
where can a sesamoid bone be found in the lower limb
knee cap/patella and beneath the first first toe
what are the two bones of the leg called
tibia and fibula
what bone in the lower limb is considered the second largest bone in the body
tibia
is the tibia on the medial or lateral side
medial
is the fibula on the medial or lateral side
lateral
what is the largest and strongest bone in the body
femur
the head of the femur articulates with…?
acetabulum of the hip
what is another name for patella
knee cap
true or false; the patella is the largest and most constant sesamoid bone in the body
true
what is the ankle joint called
ankle mortise, morose joint
what is a port fracture
avulsion fracture of the medial malleolus with loss of the ankle mortise
what is a jones fracture
avulsion fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal
where is the CR for AP toes
perpendicular through the third MTP joint, to open joints spaces angle CR 15 degrees posteriorly
where is the CR for AP or AP axial foot
10 degrees posteriorly entering base of third metatarsal or perpendicular to base of third metatarsal
where is the CR for a oblique foot
perpendicular to the base of the third metatarsal
where is the CR for a lateral foot
perpendicular to the base of the third metatarsal
where is the CR for a axial calcaneus
40 degrees cephalic entering the base of the third metatarsal
where is the CR for a lateral calcaneus
1 inch distal to medial malleolus
where is the CR for a AP ankle
perpendicular through the ankle joint at a point midway between the malleoli
where is the CR for a lateral ankle
entering the medial malleolus
how much do you rotate the ankle for a an oblique view
45 degrees medially (internally)
how much do you rotate the ankle for a mortise view
15 to 20 degrees medially (internally)
how do you know if you did the mortise view correct
you see all three joints open
where is the CR for a AP tib/fib
perpendicular to center of the leg
where is the CR for a AP knee
directed to a point 1/2 inch inferior to the patellar apex
if the measurement between the ASIS and the table top is less than 19cm, what is the angle for the AP knee.
3-5 degrees caudal (thin pelvis)
if the measurement between the ASIS and the table top is more than 24 cm, what is the angle for the AP knee.
3-5 degrees cephalic (large pelvis)
if the measurement between the ASIS and the table top is between 19 and 24 cm, what is the angle for the AP knee.
0 degrees
where is the CR for a lateral knee
directed to the knee joint 1 inch distal to the medial epicondyle at an angle of 5-7 degrees cephalic
for the oblique knee how much do you rotate the limb.
45
where is the CR for a proximal AP femur.
perpendicular to mid femur; top of IR at the level of the ASIS
where is the CR for a distal AP femur.
perpendicular to mid femur; bottom of IR 2 inches below the knee joint
why do you internally rotate the limb in a AP femur.
to place the femoral neck in profile
what is another name for the hip bone.
os coxae, innominate
what three parts make up the hip bone
ilium, pubis, ischium
the pubis, ilium, and ischium all make up what.
acetabulum
what part of the femur does the acetabulum accept.
head of femur
