Chapter 6

Question 1

The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses?

Answer 1

compact bone

Question 2

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.

Answer 2

fat

Question 3

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.

Answer 3

osteoblast

Question 4

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

Answer 4

hyaline cartilage

Question 5

What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?

Answer 5

decreased epiphyseal plate activity

Question 6

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ________.

Answer 6

diaphysis

Question 7

The term diploë refers to the ________.

Answer 7

internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

Question 8

Which of the following is a bone marking name that indicates an armlike bar of bone?

Answer 8

ramus

Question 9

Which of the following is implicated in osteoporosis in older women?

Answer 9

estrogen deficiency due to menopause

Question 10

Ossification of the ends of long bones ________.

Answer 10

is produced by secondary ossification centers

Question 11

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood?

Answer 11

epiphyseal plate

Question 12

Which of the following is the single most important stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity during infancy and childhood?

Answer 12

growth hormone

Question 13

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

Answer 13

communication

Question 14

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

Answer 14

the osteon

Question 15

Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of ________.

Answer 15

osteogenic cells

Question 16

The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by ________.

Answer 16

perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers

Question 17

The central (Haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of ________.

Answer 17

blood vessels and nerve fibers

Question 18

The resilience of bone is thought to come from which of the following?

Answer 18

sacrificial bonds in or between collagen molecules

Question 19

For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?

Answer 19

Ossification centers form in the fibrous connective tissue membrane.

Question 20

The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as ________.

Answer 20

appositional growth

Question 21

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption (breaking bone down) for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

Answer 21

osteoclast

Question 22

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?

Answer 22

parathyroid hormone

Question 23

Which bone would likely take the longest to heal?

Answer 23

thigh bone of an elderly individual

Question 24

Cranial bones develop ________.

Answer 24

within fibrous membranes

Question 25

In humans, the effect of the hormone calcitonin is to ________.

Answer 25

temporarily decrease blood calcium levels when administered in large doses

Question 26

At what age do bones reach their peak density?

Answer 26

early adulthood

Question 27

Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth?

Answer 27

he secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage

Question 28

Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage?

Answer 28

Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.

Question 29

in the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ________.

Answer 29

by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

Question 30

Spongy bone contains ________.

Answer 30

trabeculae

Question 31

Ossification (Osteogenesis) is the process of ________.

Answer 31

bone formation

Question 32

Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through ________.

Answer 32

interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates

Question 33

Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is of greatest importance for bone growth during infancy and childhood?

Answer 33

growth hormone

Question 34

in some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early. What might be the cause?

Answer 34

elevated levels of sex hormones

Question 35

Prevention of osteoporosis includes adequate intake of ________.

Answer 35

calcium and vitamin D

Question 36

What tissue forms the model for endochondrial ossification?

Answer 36

cartilage

Question 37

The pubic symphysis connects the two hip bones anteriorly and provides a little movement during childbirth. Choose the most appropriate tissue for this structure that is subjected to both pressure and stretch.

Answer 37

fibrocartilage

Question 38

At an archeological site you discover a bone that is cylindrical in shape, about one inch long and a quarter of an inch wide. Choose the correct classification.

Answer 38

long

Question 39

Choose the structures that most directly provide nutrients and remove wastes from osteocytes in compact bone.

Answer 39

canaliculi

Question 40

Skeletal remains are discovered at an archeological site. X-rays of the femur show evidence of a thin epiphyseal plate. This bone likely belonged to which of the following?

Answer 40

18 year old male

Question 41

When an osteoblast becomes completely surrounded by its own matrix secretions it is referred to as an ________.

Answer 41

osteocyte

Question 42

Choose the best location for obtaining a red bone marrow sample from a patient.

Answer 42

hip bone

Question 43

Select the bone disorder in which bone resorption outpaces bone deposit, leaving the person with thin and often very fragile bones?

Answer 43

osteoporosis

Question 44

Choose which bone marking type would likely increase in size when a weight lifter repeatedly exercises muscles that attach to it.

Answer 44

trochanter