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CS130-1 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Motherboard

A

main circuit board of the computer

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2
Q

Processor (Central Processing Unit-CPU)

A

interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer

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3
Q

Microprocessor

A

personal computer processor chip

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4
Q

Mulit-Core processor

A

single chip with two or more separate processor cores

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5
Q

Control Unit

A

component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer

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6
Q

Arithmetic Logic Unit

A

performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

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7
Q

Machine Cycle

A

fetching, decoding, executing, storing

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8
Q

Fetching

A

process of obtaining a program or an application instruction or data item from memory

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9
Q

Decoding

A

process of translating the instruction into signals the computer can exectute

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10
Q

Executing

A

process of carrying out the commands

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11
Q

Storing

A

writing the result to memory

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12
Q

System Clock

A

controls the timing of all computer operations

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13
Q

Clock Cycle

A

One click

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14
Q

Superscalar

A

system clock can execute more than one instruction per clock cycle

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15
Q

Clock Speed

A

measured by the number of ticks per second

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16
Q

Gigahertz (GHz)

A

one billion ticks of the system clock per second

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17
Q

Heat Sink

A

small ceramic or metal component with fins on its surface that absorbs and disperses heat produced by electrical components

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18
Q

Liquid Cooling Technology

A

uses a continuous flow of liquid(s) in a process that transfers the heateed fluid away from the processor to a radiator-type grill

19
Q

Cooling Pad

A

protects the laptop from overheating

20
Q

The Internet of Things (IoT)

A

describes a computing environment where everyday objects, or things, are connected to the Internet

21
Q

Analog

A

uses continuous signals that vary in strength and quality

22
Q

Digital

A

recognize only two discrete states: on and off

23
Q

Binary System

A

number system that has just two unique number digits

24
Q

Bit

A

smallest unit of data the computer can process

25
Q

Byte

A

8 bits grouped together; basic storage unit in memory

26
Q

Random Access Memory (RAM)

A

consists of memory chips that can be read from and written to by the processor and other devices

27
Q

Dynamic RAM

A

must be re-energized constantly or they lose their contents

28
Q

Static RAM

A

faster and more reliable than any variation of DRAM chips

29
Q

Memory Cache

A

helps speed the processes of the computer; stores frequently used instructions and memory

30
Q

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

A

memory chips storing permanent data and instructions

31
Q

Flash Memory

A

type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten

32
Q

Access Time

A

amount of time it takes the processor to read data, instructions, and information from the memory

33
Q

Adapter Card

A

circuit board that enhances the functions of a component of a desktop or server system unit and/or provides connections to peripheral devices

34
Q

Expansion Slot

A

socket on a desktop or server motherboard that can hold an adapter card

35
Q

Sound Card

A

enhances the sound-generating capabilities of a personal computer by allowing sound to be input through a microphone and output through external speakers or headphones

36
Q

Video Card

A

converts computer output into a video signal that travels through a cable to the monitor, which displays an image on the screen

37
Q

USB Adapter

A

dongle that plugs into a USB port, enhances functions of a mobile computer, and/or provides connections to peripheral devices

38
Q

Hot Plugging

A

insert and remove a device while the computer is running

39
Q

Bus

A

allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with one another

40
Q

Word Size

A

number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time

41
Q

Power Supply

A

converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power

42
Q

System Bus

A

part of the motherboard and connects the processor to main memory

43
Q

Backside Bus

A

connects the processor to cache

44
Q

Expansion Bus

A

allows the processor to communicate with peripheral devices

CS130-1 (8 decks)

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