Chapter 6 Flashcards
Anatomy
Abductors
muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity. in the hand, abductors separate the fingers.
absorption
the transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues and cells.
adductors
muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity. in the hand, a Duck Tours draw the fingers together
adipose tissue
a specialized connective tissue considered fat, which gives smoothness and Contour to the body and cushions and insulates the body.
adrenal glands
glands that secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body, including the fight or flight response.
anabolism
constructive metabolism, the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.
angular artery
artery that supplies blood to the side of the nose.
anterior auricular artery
artery that supplies blood to the front part of the ear.
aorta
the body’s largest artery. They’re arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by Branch arteries through the body.
arteries arteries
thick walled muscular and flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body.
arterioles
small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries.
atrioventricular valves
abbreviated ATV, valves which are designed to prevent the blood from flowing back into the pumping chamber.
atrium
thin walled, upper chamber of the heart through which blood is pumped to the ventricles. There is a right atrium and a left atrium.
auricularis interior
muscle in front of the air that draws the ear forward.
auricularis posterior
muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backward.
auricularis superior
muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward.
auriculotemporal nerve
nerve that affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull.
autonomic nervous system
abbreviated ANS, the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles, regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart.
Axon
the extension of a neuron through which impulses are sent away from the cell body to other neurons, glands, or muscles.
belly
middle of a muscle.
biceps
muscle producing the Contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm
blood
nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system( heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries) to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them.
blood vessels
tube-like structures that transport blood to and from the heart, and to various tissues of the body, include arteries, arterioles , capillaries, venules, and veins.
body systems
also known as systems, groups of bodily organs acting together to perform one or more functions. The human body is composed of 11 major systems.
brachial artery
located in the upper arm, the berkiel artery is a major blood vessel which runs down the arm and ends by dividing into the radial and ulnar arteries, which run down through the forearm.
brain
part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium, largest and most complex nerve tissue, control sensation, muscles, granular activity, and the power to think and feel.
brain stem
structure that connects the spinal cord to the brain.
buccal nerve
nerve that affects the muscles of the mouth.
buccinator
then, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips.
capillaries
tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins. Capillaries bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials.
cardiac muscle
the involuntary muscle that is the heart. this type of muscle is not found in any other part of the body.
carpus
also known as wrist, a flexible joint composed of eight small, irregular bones (carpals) held together by ligaments.
catabolism
the phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of complex compounds within the cells into smaller ones, often resulting in the release of energy to perform functions such as muscular efforts, secretions, or digestion.
cell membrane
part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell.
cells
basic unit of all living things, minute mass of protoplasm capable of Performing all the fundamental functions of life.
central nervous system
abbreviated CNS, cerbrospinal nervous system, consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves.
cerebellum
lies at the base of the cerebrum and is attached to the brainstem, this term is Latin for little brain.
cervical cutaneous nerve
nerve located at the side of the neck that affects the front and sides of the neck as far down as the breastbone.
cervical nerves
nerves that originate at the spinal cord, whose branches Supply the muscles and scalp at the back of the head and neck, affect the side of the neck and the platysma muscle
cervical vertebrae
the seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column, located in the neck region.
circulatory system
also known as cardiovascular system or vascular system, system that controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels.
clavicle
also known as collarbone, bone joining the sternum and scapula.
common carotid arteries
arteries that Supply blood to the face, head, and neck.
connective tissue
fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body such as bone, cartilage, and tendons. Examples of connective tissue are bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood, lymph, and fat.
corrugator muscle
facial muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically.
cranium
oval, bony case that protects the brain.
cytoplasm
all the photo plasm of a cell except that which is in the nucleus, the watery fluid containing food material necessary for cell growth, reproduction, and self-repair.
defecation
elimination of feces from the body.
deltoid
large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward into the side of the body.
dendrites
tree like branching of nerve fibers extending from a nerve cell, short nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the cell and receive impulses from other neurons.
deoxyribonucleic acid
abbreviated DNA, the blueprint material of genetic information, contains all the information that controls the function of every living cell.
depressor anguli Oris
also known as triangularis muscle, muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corner of the mouth.
depressor labii inferioris
also known as quadratus labii inferioris, muscle surrounding the lower lip that depresses the lower lip and draws it to one side.
diaphragm
muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing.
diencephalon
located in the uppermost part of the midbrain, consists of two main parts the thalamus and the hypothalamus.
digestion
breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical means.
digestive enzymes
chemicals that change certain kinds of food into a form that can be used by the body.
digestive system
also called the gastrointestinal system, responsible for changing food into nutrients and wastes, consists of the mouth, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands and other organs.
eleventh cranial nerve
also known as accessory nerve, a motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles.
