Chapter 6 Flashcards
Peace-enforcement activities
UN actions intended to compel countries by force or threat of force to follow the terms of UN resolutions
Peacekeeping activities
UN actions devoted to monitoring ceasefires and separating combatants in third world conflicts
Oslo accords
A series of agreements reached in 1993 between the Palestine Liberation Organization and Israel that Israeli troops would withdraw from Gaza and areas of the West Bank and the PLK and Israel would recognize one another
Intifada
An uprising of Palestinians in territories occupied by Israel
United Nations
The principle general-purpose intergovernmental organization that deals with collective security economic and social development and international law and human rights
Federalism
A method of decentralized power to accommodate tribal and regional differences
Elite manipulation
Leaders exploitation of people’s fears to wage ethnic conflicts for the leaders own personal and groups interests
Post conflicts reconstruction
Activities aimed at resetting displaced populations and rebuilding areas ravaged by ethnic conflict
Responsibility to protect
The idea that sovereign states have a responsibility to protect their own citizens from avoidable catastrophe and if they cannot or will now the international community met bear that responsibility
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
A 1968 treaty that seeks to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and materials while fostering the civilian development of nuclear power
Chemical weapons convention (CWC)
International agreement made in 1993 to ban the production and use of chemical weapons
Biological weapons convention (BWC)
International agreement made in 1972 to ban the production and use of biological weapons
Treaty on conventional forces in Europe (CFE)
Treaty signed in 1990 reducing and establishing a roughly equal balance of major conventional weapons systems and troop strength in Europe
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)
International agreement reached in 1996 to stop the testing of nuclear weapons both above and below ground
Transnational nongovernmental organizations (TNGOs)
International commercial or not for profit advocacy organizations typically independent of and not founded by governments
International court of Justice (IJC)
The UNs main judicial institution to arbitrate disputes among nations
International criminal court ICC
A permanent tribunal started in 2002 to prosecute war crimes
Universal jurisdiction
The claim of a single state that it can prosecute perpetrators of war crimes anywhere in the world
IFM quota
The share of money that each country provides to the International Monetary Fund for lending which determines snore voting power
Regional organizations
Organizations whose members come from and are limited to specific geographic regions of the world
Supranational institutions
Institutions above the level of the state like the European Commission that are motivated by common rather than state specific goals
European Union
A supranational organization that in 1993 superseded the European Communities and now united European democracies in specific policy areas
Mutual recognition
A way of reconciling different regulatory standards across nations by requiring that product standards accepted in one country be recognized by all participants
European commissions
The organ of the EU that has the exclusive authority to initiate legislation and pursue the goals of an ever closer Union
Council or the EU
The assembly that brings together the member states of the EU
European council
Summit meetings of the council of the EU involving head states and gov that deal with crows cutting and controversial issues
Qualified majority voting (QMV)
The principle that decisions by international organizations are made by weighted majority votes as in the EU today
European Parliament
The only directly elected institution in the EU
Democratic deficit
The criticism mad of the European Union that it is not directly accountable to the people it represents
European court of Justice (ECJ)
The judicial body that had he power to interpret and enforce EU treaties and law
Individual sanding
The right of civilians as well as states to bring cases before a court uncommon in international law until recently
European Central Bank
ECB
The banking institution whose governing council controls the money supply and sets short term interest rates for the EU
European constitution
A 2004 European Union document not yet ratified that significantly increased the extent of European unity
Lisbon treaty
A 2009 treaty that implements many of the provisions of the unratified European constitution by intergovernmental agreement
