Chapter 6

Question 1

Nonliving, natural substances that make up rock are called ________

Answer 1

Minerals

Question 2

Minerals can be identified by their __________ such as color, ________, luster, and streak.

Answer 2

Properties, hardness

Question 3

Minerals are the building blocks of _____

Answer 3

Rocks

Question 4

Minerals offer clues about how a rock _____

Answer 4

Forms

Question 5

A rock that forms from melted rock is _______ rocks

Answer 5

Igneous

Question 6

Melted rock, called _____, cools and hardens to form igneous rock

Answer 6

Magma

Question 7

Igneous rocks are classified by how quickly they ____ and the size of the mineral grains that form

Answer 7

Cool

Question 8

Layers and substances are pressed and cemented together to form __________ rock

Answer 8

Sedimentary

Question 9

Scientists compare the position of layered rocks to fans a rock’s ________ age

Answer 9

Relative

Question 10

A rock layer and any ______ in that rock have the same relative age

Answer 10

Fossil

Question 11

If you look at soil with a hand lens, you will find small pieces of rocks, minerals, and _____

Answer 11

Humus

Question 12

You might not see them, but soil is made up of _____, air, and ______ ______

Answer 12

Water, living things

Question 13

When plants and animals die, ________ and fungi decompose them

Answer 13

Bacteria

Question 14

All the layers of soil, from Earth’s surface down to the bedrock, are shown in a ____ _______

Answer 14

Soil profile

Question 15

The different layers of a soil profile are called ________ and include topsoil, _______, and weathered _______

Answer 15

Horizons, subsoil, and bedrock

Question 16

The property of soil that refers to the size of the soil particles is called _______. Clay is fine with small particles and sandy soil is ______ with large particles

Answer 16

Texture, course

Question 17

Other properties of soil are color and ____________, which indicates how easily _____ passes through soil

Answer 17

Permeability and water

Question 18

The spaces between the particles in soil, called pore spaces, determine how ______ the soil is

Answer 18

Course

Question 19

Soil that is permeable to air and _____ will allow living things to survive

Answer 19

Water

Question 20

If the soil does not hold enough water, crop plants can ___ __. If the soil holds too much water, crop plants can _____

Answer 20

Dry up, drown